《资本论》中劳动价值论的当代阐释——基于人工智能的批判性思考

A Contemporary Exposition of the Labor Value Theory in “Das Kapital”—Critical Thinking Grounded in Artificial Intelligence

摘要: 当今人工智能技术的裂变发展正在全球范围内掀起轩然大波，这不仅改变了物质生产的具体形态，更在深层次上重塑着价值创造与分配的底层逻辑。本文以马克思《资本论》中劳动价值论为分析框架，通过解剖智能算法对劳动过程的渗透、数据资本的价值攫取机制、人机协作中的新型剥削形态，揭示资本主义生产关系在技术革新中的自我强化逻辑。以此论证人工智能并未颠覆劳动价值论的理论根基，反而以技术异化的极端形式验证了马克思关于资本积累内在矛盾的预言。要实现技术的人本转向，必须建立数据生产资料公有制与全球技术治理体系，这是21世纪劳动解放运动的必经之路。

Abstract: The explosive advancement of artificial intelligence technology today is sending shockwaves across the globe. It has not only transformed the concrete forms of material production but also profoundly reshaped the underlying logic of value creation and distribution. Taking the labor theory of value laid out in Marx’s Capital as the analytical framework, this paper dissects the infiltration of intel-ligent algorithms into labor processes, the mechanism through which data capital captures value, and new forms of exploitation emerging in human-machine collaboration. It unveils the logic of self-reinforcement of capitalist production relations amid technological innovation. On this basis, it argues that artificial intelligence has not overturned the theoretical foundation of the labor theory of value. Instead, it corroborates Marx’s prophecy regarding the internal contradictions of capital accumulation through an extreme manifestation of technological alienation. To steer technology toward human-centered development, it is imperative to establish public ownership of data as a means of production alongside a global technology governance system—an indispensable path for the labor emancipation movement in the 21st century.