大学新生心理健康状态追踪研究

The Tracing Research on the Mental Health Status among College Freshmen

摘要: 目的：了解高校新生入学一年前后的心理健康状况变化。方法：对重庆市某高校的2011级新生进行问卷调查，在一年后进行重测。结果：1) 在第二年，SCL-90各因子分、总均分，自杀意念得分，网络成瘾得分和精神质、神经质维度得分显著降低(p < 0.05)，生命质量得分和内外向、说谎维度得分显著提高(p < 0.05)；2) 生命质量上，性别的主效应显著(F = 5.981, p < 0.05)；网络成瘾上，性别的主效应显著(F = 22.520, p < 0.001)，性别和测量时间的交互作用接近显著水平(F = 3.773, p = 0.052)；精神质维度上，性别和测量时间的交互作用显著(F = 270.447, p < 0.001)；内外向维度上，性别的主效应显著(F = 50.075, p < 0.001)；说谎维度上，性别和测量时间的交互作用显著(F = 14.530, p < 0.001)；3) 精神质、神经质、网络成瘾和生命质量之间存在显著负相关，和自杀意念存在显著正相关，内外向和生命质量之间存在显著正相关，和自杀意念存在显著负相关。说谎维度和生命质量、自杀意念之间的显著性相关在两年间发生了变化。结论：一年后，学生的心理健康状况有显著提高。在生命质量、网络成瘾以及精神质、内外向和说谎维度的变化中表现出了显著的性别差异。网络成瘾、人格特征各维度与生命质量、自杀意念之间显著相关。

Abstract: Objective: To explore the change of the mental health status before and after one year among col-lege freshmen. Methods: All the 2011 college freshmen in a university in Chongqing were investi-gated with questionnaire, retesting one year after. Results: 1) after a year of enrollment, SCL-90 factors scores, the total average scores, suicidal ideation scores, Internet addiction scores and psychoticism and neuroticism scores decreased significantly (p < 0.05); quality of life scores, in-troversion and lie scores improved significantly (p < 0.05); 2) the main effect of gender on the quality of life was significant (F = 5.981, p < 0.05); the main effect of gender on Internet addiction was significant (F = 22.520, p < 0.001); the interaction between gender and the measuring time was closing to significant level (F = 3.773, p = 0.052); on psychoticism dimensions, the interaction between gender and the measuring time was significant (F = 270.447, p < 0.001); the main effect of gender on the introversion dimension was significant (F = 50.075, p < 0.001); on lie dimension, the interaction between gender and the measuring time was significant (F = 14.530, p < 0.001); 3) there were significant negative correlations among psychoticism, neuroticism, Internet addiction and the quality of life; there were significant positive correlations among psychoticism, neuroticism, Internet addiction and suicidal ideation; there was a significant positive correlation between introversion and the quality of life; there was a significant negative correlation between introver-sion and suicidal ideation. The significant correlations among lie dimension, quality of life and suicidal ideation had changed. Conclusion: After one year, the mental health status of freshmen improved significantly. There were significant gender differences in the quality of life, Internet addiction, psychoticism, introversion and lie dimension. There were significant correlations among quality of life, suicidal ideation, Internet addiction and EPQ dimensions.