人口老龄化背景下磨西古镇养老服务现状及对策

Research on the Current Situation and Countermeasures of Elderly Care Services in Moxi Ancient Town against the Background of Population Aging

摘要: 目前我国人口老龄化速度不断加快，农村、民族地区的养老服务短板更加明显。磨西古镇位于四川省甘孜州泸定县，是海螺沟景区的核心旅游镇，以高原民族聚居、旅游经济为主导、青壮年外流、震后重建为特点。根据第七次全国人口普查数据可知，磨西古镇60岁及以上人口占比较高，65岁及以上人口已达到老龄化社会标准，已呈现明显老龄化程度持续加深趋势。留守老人、空巢老人比例较高，养老服务供需矛盾比较突出。本文以磨西古镇为研究对象，对古镇养老服务供给和需求现状进行系统的梳理，参考农村养老服务研究的相关成果，分析养老服务设施建设、服务内容、主体协同、观念认知等各方面的存在问题及原因，在梳理民族地区与旅游古镇养老服务典型实践的基础上，结合磨西古镇实际情况，从设施均衡布局、服务提质增效、多元主体协同、文旅康养融合、民族特色嵌入等方面提出优化对策。

Abstract: At present, the rate of population aging in our country is accelerating, and the shortcomings in elderly care services in rural and ethnic areas are becoming more evident. Moxi Ancient Town, located in Luding County, Garzê Prefecture, Sichuan Province, is the core tourist town of the Hailuogou Scenic Area. It is characterized by a predominantly highland ethnic population, a tourism-driven economy, a high outflow of young and middle-aged people, and post-earthquake reconstruction. According to data from the seventh national census, the proportion of people aged 60 and above in Moxi Ancient Town is relatively high, and the population aged 65 and above has reached the standard of an aging society, showing a clear and continuously deepening trend of aging. The proportion of left-behind elderly and empty-nest elderly is relatively high, highlighting the prominent contradictions between the supply and demand of elderly care services. This paper takes Moxi Ancient Town as the research object, systematically reviews the current status of elderly care service supply and demand in the town, refers to relevant research findings on rural elderly care services, analyzes existing problems and their causes in aspects such as facility construction, service content, coordination among main service providers, and perception and awareness. Based on reviewing typical practices of elderly care services in ethnic regions and tourist ancient towns, and combined with the actual situation of Moxi Ancient Town, optimization strategies are proposed in areas such as balanced facility layout, improved service quality and efficiency, multi-stakeholder coordination, integration of cultural tourism and health care, and embedding ethnic characteristics.