健康中国战略下老年人体育锻炼行为促进机制研究

Research on the Promotion Mechanism of Physical Exercise Behavior among the Elderly under the Healthy China Strategy

摘要: 在健康中国战略全面推进与人口老龄化深度发展背景下，老年人体育锻炼成为健康关口前移、延长健康寿命、实现健康老龄化的核心抓手。当前我国老年体育锻炼面临参与率偏低、城乡差异显著、设施适老化不足、科学指导缺失、体医融合不深等现实困境，传统促进模式以供给驱动为主，难以形成持续参与闭环。本文基于健康行为生态学、计划行为理论、体医融合理论、积极老龄化理论，系统剖析老年人体育锻炼行为的影响因素与内在逻辑，构建政策引导–环境支撑–服务赋能–社会协同–个体激活五位一体促进机制，并提出可落地实施策略。研究旨在为完善老年体育公共服务、推动健康中国战略落地、提升老年群体健康福祉提供理论依据与实践路径。

Abstract: Under the comprehensive advancement of the Healthy China Strategy and the deep development of population aging, physical exercise for the elderly has become a core lever for advancing the health gateway, extending healthy life expectancy, and achieving healthy aging. Currently, promoting physical exercise among the elderly in China faces practical challenges such as low participation rates, significant urban-rural disparities, insufficient age-friendly facilities, lack of scientific guidance, and shallow integration of sports and medicine. Traditional promotion approaches, primarily driven by supply, struggle to form a closed loop of sustained participation. Based on theories including the Ecological Model of Health Behavior, the Theory of Planned Behavior, the Integration of Sports and Medicine, and Active Aging, this paper systematically analyzes the influencing factors and internal logic of physical exercise behavior among the elderly. It constructs a five-in-one promotion mechanism encompassing policy guidance, environmental support, service empowerment, social synergy, and individual activation, and proposes implementable strategies. The research aims to provide a theoretical basis and practical pathways for improving public sports services for the elderly, promoting the implementation of the Healthy China Strategy, and enhancing the health and well-being of the elderly population.