花溪区农村养老服务供给存在的问题及对策

The Shortcomings and Countermeasures of the Supply of Rural Elderly Care Services in Huaxi District

摘要: 在人口老龄化程度持续加深的背景下，农村养老服务供给已成为乡村振兴与社会保障体系建设的核心议题。本文在梳理国内外农村养老服务相关研究成果的基础上，结合社会工作专业理论与方法，构建了涵盖供给现状、问题识别、成因剖析与优化策略的研究框架，通过深入挖掘贵阳市花溪区农村养老服务供给的现实情况与核心痛点。研究发现，花溪区农村老年人养老服务需求呈现短期化、多元化特征，在日常生活照料、医疗康复服务与精神慰藉层面存在刚性需求，尤其对饮食照料、文娱活动与慢性病管理服务的需求最为突出。当前花溪区农村养老服务以政府供给为核心，市场、社区与社会组织未能充分发挥补充作用，存在供给主体单一、服务内容同质化、专业人才短缺、城乡发展失衡、社会工作专业力量介入不足等问题。基于此，本文以多中心治理理论为支撑，提出强化政府主导责任、激活市场主体活力、夯实家庭养老基础，发挥社会工作专业优势引导社会组织多元参与的优化路径，推动构建政府、市场、家庭、社区、社会工作机构协同发力的农村养老服务供给格局，以期为农村养老服务体系的完善提供一定参考。

Abstract: Against the backdrop of deepening population aging, rural elderly care services have become a core issue in rural revitalization and the construction of a social security system. Based on reviewing domestic and international research on rural elderly care services and integrating social work theories and methods, this study constructs a research framework covering supply status, problem identification, cause analysis, and optimization strategies. Through in-depth exploration of the current situation and key challenges of rural elderly care services in Huaxi District, Guiyang City, the study finds that the demand for elderly care services in Huaxi District exhibits short-term and diversified characteristics, with rigid needs in daily life care, medical rehabilitation, and emotional support, particularly for dietary care, recreational activities, and chronic disease management services. Currently, rural elderly care services in Huaxi District are primarily government-led, with markets, communities, and social organizations failing to play supplementary roles effectively, resulting in issues such as a singular supply entity, homogenized service content, shortages of professional talent, urban-rural development imbalances, and insufficient involvement of social work professionals. Building on this, the study proposes an optimization pathway supported by polycentric governance theory, advocating for enhanced government leadership, activation of market entities, strengthening family-based elderly care, and leveraging the advantages of social work to guide diversified participation by social organizations. This aims to promote a collaborative rural elderly care service supply model involving governments, markets, families, communities, and social work institutions, providing valuable insights for improving rural elderly care systems.