数字时代中外代际文化反哺的实践差异与优化路径——基于老年人社会资本建构的视角

Differences in Practices and Pathways for Optimization in Intergenerational Cultural Exchange between China and the West in the Digital Age—From the Perspective of Social Capital Construction among the Elderly

摘要: 在全球老龄化与数字化双轮交织的时代背景下，代际文化反哺作为反向社会化的核心形式，成为重塑代际关系、助力老年人积累社会资本、实现积极老龄化的关键路径。本文基于社会资本理论视角，系统对比中西方数字代际文化反哺的实践形态、运行逻辑与社会影响，揭示了中国家庭本位、情感驱动、非正式主导与西方社会本位、技能导向、制度化支撑的本质差异。研究发现，文化传统、养老模式、数字治理体系共同塑造反哺形态差异，数字反哺不仅作用于传统联结资本、桥接资本、信任资本，更催生了以数字平台为载体、以线上弱关系为核心的“数字桥接资本”；在中国强关系主导的文化语境下，数字反哺呈现出联结资本高效转化、桥接资本转化阻滞、信任资本圈层化累积的独特效率特征。立足中国老龄化国情与文化根基，结合西方可借鉴经验，提出针对性优化路径，为健康老龄化与积极老龄化提供社会视角的实践方案。

Abstract: Against the backdrop of an era characterized by the interplay of global aging and digitalization, intergenerational cultural reciprocity—as a core form of reverse socialization—has emerged as a key pathway for reshaping intergenerational relationships, helping older adults accumulate social capital, and achieving active aging. Drawing on social capital theory, this paper systematically compares the practical forms, operational logic, and social impacts of digital intergenerational cultural reciprocity in China and the West, revealing fundamental differences between China’s family-centered, emotion-driven, and informally dominated approach and the West’s society-centered, skill-oriented, and institutionally supported model. The study finds that cultural traditions, eldercare models, and digital governance systems collectively shape the differences in the forms of intergenerational cultural reciprocity. Digital reciprocity not only influences traditional relational capital, bridging capital, and trust capital, but also gives rise to “digital bridging capital”—a form centered on online weak ties and facilitated by digital platforms. Within China’s cultural context, where strong ties dominate, digital reciprocity exhibits unique patterns of efficiency: the efficient conversion of relational capital, the stagnation of bridging capital conversion, and the stratified accumulation of trust capital. Grounded in China’s demographic realities and cultural foundations, and drawing on relevant Western experiences, the study proposes targeted optimization strategies, offering practical solutions from a social perspective to support healthy and active aging.