泰山文化负载词的英译策略研究——以《泰山岩岩·泰山与中华文化》第四章为例

A Study on the English Translation Strategies of Culture-Loaded Words in Mount Tai Discourse —A Study Case of “Majesty Mountain Tai: A Pillar of Chinese Culture” (Chapter Four)

摘要: 在中华文化“走出去”的时代背景下，文化负载词的英译是制约中国文化对外传播效果的关键环节。本文以《泰山岩岩·泰山与中华文化》第四章为研究语料，以翻译补偿理论与目的论为指导框架，借鉴奈达的文化分类理论将原文中的文化负载词划分为物质文化词、社会文化词、宗教文化词和语言文化词四类，通过典型案例考察音译加注、直译加注和释义三种策略的适用条件与补偿效果。研究发现，三种策略的选择受到文化负载词的类型、信息密度、翻译目的及目标读者认知需求的共同制约：音译加注最适用于承载独特历史制度或哲学体系的术语，直译加注适用于具有可见文化意象的词汇，释义则适用于隐喻差异显著或形式高度凝练的表达；灵活选择并组合运用翻译策略，方能实现文化信息保留与译文可读性之间的动态平衡。

Abstract: Against the backdrop of Chinese culture’s global dissemination, the English translation of culture-loaded words remains a pivotal challenge in cross-cultural communication. This study examines Chapter 4 of “Majesty Mountain Tai: A Pillar of Chinese Culture” as its primary corpus, employing Nida’s cultural taxonomy to classify culture-loaded words into four categories: material, social, religious, and linguistic. Guided by translation compensation theory and Skopos theory, it investigates the applicability and compensatory efficacy of three strategies, transliteration with annotation, literal translation with annotation, and paraphrase, through close analysis of representative cases. The findings indicate that strategy selection is determined by the interplay of word type, information density, and target readers’ cognitive requirements. Specifically, transliteration with annotation proves most effective for terms rooted in unique historical institutions or philosophical systems; literal translation with annotation best serves words conveying salient cultural imagery; and paraphrase is optimally suited to expressions characterized by marked metaphorical divergence or high lexical compression. The study concludes that a dynamic equilibrium between cultural fidelity and readability can only be achieved through the flexible deployment of these strategies.