基于经络理论探讨针灸改善失眠症的作用机制

Exploring the Mechanism of Acupuncture in Improving Insomnia Based on Meridian Theory

摘要: 目的：探讨基于经络理论的针灸干预对失眠症患者睡眠质量及相关症状的改善效果，并分析其可能作用机制。方法：选取成都市第三人民医院都江堰分院2025年1~12月收治的失眠症患者60例，按随机数字表法分为对照组与观察组各30例。对照组实施睡眠卫生指导、作息调整和基础心理疏导，观察组在对照组基础上给予基于经络理论的针灸干预，连续治疗4周。比较两组匹兹堡睡眠质量指数(PSQI)、入睡潜伏期、夜间觉醒次数、睡眠总时长、焦虑自评量表(SAS)、抑郁自评量表(SDS)、中医证候积分及机制相关指标。结果：治疗后观察组PSQI评分、入睡潜伏期、夜间觉醒次数、SAS评分、SDS评分及中医证候积分均低于对照组，睡眠总时长及心率变异性指标SDNN、RMSSD均高于对照组，差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05)。结论：基于经络理论的针灸干预可通过调和阴阳、疏通经络、交通心肾及调节神经功能等途径改善失眠症患者睡眠质量，具有一定应用价值。

Abstract: Objective: To explore the effect of acupuncture intervention based on meridian theory on sleep quality and related symptoms in patients with insomnia, and to analyze its possible mechanism of action. Methods: A total of 60 patients with insomnia admitted to Chengdu Third People’s Hospital Dujiangyan Branch from January to December 2025 were selected and divided into a control group and an observation group by the random number table method, with 30 cases in each group. The control group received sleep hygiene education, schedule adjustment, and basic psychological counseling. The observation group received acupuncture intervention based on meridian theory in addition to the treatment given to the control group. The intervention lasted for 4 consecutive weeks. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), sleep latency, number of nocturnal awakenings, total sleep duration, Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS), Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS), traditional Chinese medicine syndrome scores, and mechanism-related indicators were compared between the two groups. Results: After treatment, the PSQI score, sleep latency, number of nocturnal awakenings, SAS score, SDS score, and traditional Chinese medicine syndrome score in the observation group were lower than those in the control group, while total sleep duration and heart rate variability indicators including SDNN and RMSSD were higher than those in the control group, with statistically significant differences (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Acupuncture intervention based on meridian theory can improve sleep quality in patients with insomnia through regulating yin and yang, dredging meridians, harmonizing the heart and kidney, and modulating neurological function, showing certain clinical application value.