低品位氧化锌矿处理方法研究进展
Research Progress on Processing Methods for Low-Grade Zinc Oxide Ores
DOI: 10.12677/me.2026.144108, PDF,   
作者: 李 磊, 张治和, 黄四兰, 杨春龙*, 和春平：云南金鼎锌业有限公司，云南 怒江；韩 硕, 高映辉：昆明理工大学冶金与能源工程学院，云南 昆明
关键词: 低品位氧化锌矿；湿法冶金；浸出；回转窑挥发；绿色冶金；Low-Grade Zinc Oxide Ore； Hydrometallurgy； Leaching； Rotary Kiln Volatilization； Green Metallurgy
摘要: 低品位氧化锌矿存在品位低、矿物组成复杂和锌赋存状态分散等问题，导致单一选矿或冶金方法难以获得理想回收效果。文章综述了低品位氧化锌矿主要处理方法的研究进展，重点分析了酸法浸出、碱法浸出、选矿预富集、硫化转化与浮选、焙烧–浸出、回转窑挥发、选矿–回转窑挥发联合工艺及其他强化处理方法的工艺特点与适用条件。结果表明，酸法浸出工艺成熟、反应速率快，但易受酸耗高、硅胶形成和杂质共浸影响；碱法浸出选择性较好，适合高硅、高钙镁矿石，但仍需解决试剂循环和工业放大问题；选矿预富集和硫化转化浮选可改善入冶物料性质；焙烧–浸出和回转窑挥发适用于复杂难处理矿石，但能耗及烟尘处理压力较大。未来低品位氧化锌矿处理应向矿物学精准识别、低耗选择性浸出、选冶联合、多金属综合回收和绿色低碳利用方向发展。
Abstract: Low-grade zinc oxide ores suffer from problems such as low grade, complex mineral composition, and dispersed zinc occurrence, making it difficult to achieve ideal recovery results with single beneficiation or metallurgical methods. This paper reviews the research progress on major processing methods for low-grade zinc oxide ores, focusing on analyzing the process characteristics and applicable conditions of acid leaching, alkaline leaching, beneficiation pre-enrichment, sulfide conversion and flotation, roasting-leaching, rotary kiln volatilization, combined beneficiation-rotary kiln volatilization process, and other enhanced processing methods. The results show that acid leaching is a mature process with a fast reaction rate, but it is easily affected by high acid consumption, silica gel formation, and co-leaching of impurities. Alkali leaching has better selectivity and is suitable for high-silica and high-calcium-magnesium ores, but the issues of reagent recycling and industrial scale-up still need to be addressed. Pre-enrichment in mineral processing and sulfide conversion flotation can improve the properties of feed materials. Roasting-leaching, and rotary kiln volatilization are suitable for complex and difficult-to-process ores, but they have high energy consumption and significant challenges in dust treatment. Future treatment of low-grade zinc oxide ore should develop towards precise mineralogical identification, low-consumption selective leaching, integrated beneficiation and metallurgy, comprehensive recovery of multiple metals, and green and low-carbon utilization.
文章引用：李磊, 韩硕, 高映辉, 张治和, 黄四兰, 杨春龙, 和春平. 低品位氧化锌矿处理方法研究进展[J]. 矿山工程, 2026, 14(4): 1088-1103. https://doi.org/10.12677/me.2026.144108

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