巷道过断层超前治理技术与工程应用

Advanced Treatment Technology and Engineering Application of Roadway Crossing Fault

摘要: 断层破碎带岩层强度低、自稳能力差且导水性良好，不仅削弱了对深部奥陶系灰岩水的阻隔能力，增大巷道突(涌)水风险，还导致围岩稳定性降低、支护难度增加，严重制约了煤矿安全高效生产。针对单一治理模式难以协同控制深部奥灰水害与浅部断层破碎带围岩失稳及局部涌水的难题，以唐家会煤矿61203运输巷道穿越DF2断层为工程案例，提出了“地面区域注浆封堵深部奥灰水源”与“井下精准注浆加固巷道断层破碎带”相结合的超前治理技术。该技术首先利用地面施工定向钻孔实施高压劈裂注浆，封堵DF2断层的垂向导水通道及深部奥灰含水层补给路径，实现水源的超前治理；其次，按照“先探后治”原则，在井下对断层破碎带及影响区进行探查与帷幕注浆，精准加固巷道顶底板破碎岩体并封堵残余导水裂隙，从而构建“深部水源封堵–浅部破碎带加固”的双屏障治理体系。最终，通过钻探检验、瞬变电磁法超前探测以及掘进期间涌水量与围岩稳定性的动态观测，综合评价治理效果。结果表明，该治理技术有效阻断了深部奥灰水的垂向导升，显著提高了过断层区域围岩的强度和稳定性，克服了单一治理模式的局限，为深部导水断层的治理提供了可靠的技术路径，对类似复杂地质条件下巷道安全高效掘进具有重要的工程借鉴与推广价值。

Abstract: The rock strata in the fault zone are characterized by low strength, poor self-stabilization ability, and good water conductivity. This not only weakens the barrier effect against deep Ordovician limestone water, increasing the risk of water inrush in the tunnel, but also leads to a decrease in the stability of the surrounding rock and an increase in the difficulty of support, seriously restricting the safe and efficient production of coal mines. In response to the challenge of simultaneously controlling deep Ordovician limestone water hazards and the instability of the shallow fault zone and local water gushing with a single treatment mode, taking the 61203 transport tunnel of Tangjiahe Coal Mine crossing the DF2 fault as an engineering case, an advanced treatment technology combining “ground regional grouting to block the deep Ordovician limestone water source” and “underground precise grouting to reinforce the fault zone in the tunnel” was proposed. This technology first uses ground directional drilling to implement high-pressure splitting grouting to block the vertical water-conducting channels of the DF2 fault and the water supply path of the deep Ordovician limestone aquifer, achieving the forward treatment of the water source. Secondly, following the principle of “exploration first, then treatment”, underground exploration and curtain grouting are carried out in the fault zone and the affected area to precisely reinforce the broken rock mass of the tunnel roof and floor and block the residual water-conducting fractures, thereby establishing a dual-barrier governance system of “blocking deep water sources and reinforcing shallow fault zones”. Finally, the treatment effect is comprehensively evaluated through drilling inspection, advanced detection by the transient electromagnetic method, and dynamic observation of water inflow and surrounding rock stability during tunneling. The results show that this treatment technology effectively blocks the vertical upward conduction of deep Ordovician limestone water, significantly improves the strength and stability of the surrounding rock in the fault-crossing area, overcomes the limitations of a single treatment mode, and provides a reliable technical path for the treatment of deep water-conducting faults. It has important engineering reference and promotion value for the safe and efficient tunneling under similar complex geological conditions.