采煤沉陷积水区漂浮水稻驳岸收割装置设计与性能分析

Design and Performance Analysis of a Bank-Mounted Harvesting Device for Floating Rice in Coal Mining Subsidence Waterlogged Areas

摘要: 目的：针对采煤沉陷积水区漂浮水稻收割效率低、成本高、无适配设备的问题，结合水上种植环境，设计集传送、调节、卷扬、分离功能于一体的漂浮水稻收割装置及配套收割技术。方法：通过可调节工作平台固定联合收割机，支腿高度可调节以保证收割头的作业距离。采用主辅结合的传送带结构输送浮板，控制台调节传送带转速转向。卷扬装置通过钢索挂钩牵引浮板，可调节支架借助工字架与液压支腿实现坡度与高度调节。分离装置基于机械结构完成种植杯与浮板脱离。结果：研究大幅降低了漂浮水稻收割成本，显著提升了生产效率。结论：研究解决了常规陆地农机无法适配漂浮水稻收割的难题，助力漂浮水稻在采煤沉陷积水区的规模化种植，推动农业绿色可持续发展。

Abstract: Objective: To address the challenges of low efficiency, high cost, and lack of suitable equipment for floating rice harvesting in coal mining subsidence water areas, this study designs a floating rice harvesting device and its matching technology that integrates conveying, adjustment, winching, and separation functions, tailored to the aquatic cultivation environment. Methods: A combine harvester is fixed on an adjustable working platform, with telescopic support legs allowing height adjustment to ensure proper operating distance for the cutting header. A primary-auxiliary conveyor belt system transports the floating mats, while a control console regulates belt speed and direction. The winching device pulls the mats via steel cables and hooks, and an adjustable support frame, combined with I-beams and hydraulic legs, enables slope and height adaptation. The separation unit relies on a mechanical structure to detach planting cups from the floating mats. Results: The study significantly reduces harvesting costs and markedly improves operational efficiency. Conclusion: This solution overcomes the incompatibility of conventional land-based agricultural machinery with floating rice harvesting, thereby facilitating large-scale cultivation of floating rice in subsidence water areas and promoting green, sustainable agricultural development.