元代文人“和陶诗”创作动机研究

Research on the Creative Motivation of Yuan Dynasty Literati in “Imitating Tao’s Poetry”

摘要: 元代文人时常追和酬唱前人诗歌，其中陶渊明是元人追和的“热点”诗人。元代承袭了宋金的“慕陶之风”且社会背景复杂，元代文人难以入仕治世，转而创作诗词歌赋，同是有着朝代更迭、辞官归隐等人生经历的陶渊明更容易引发诗人们的情感共鸣，元代文士结合自身境遇创作了众多的“和陶诗”。另一方面，陶渊明不仕新朝、固贫守穷的气节深受元代文人推崇敬仰，陶诗自然质朴、平和冲淡且蕴含了浓厚的隐逸情怀，契合了元代文士的审美追求与精神诉求，元代文人喜爱陶渊明及其诗歌，遂追和陶诗。多重因素彼此交织，最终推动和陶诗在元代诗坛蔚然成风。

Abstract: During the Yuan Dynasty, literati often imitated and responded to the poetry of predecessors, with Tao Yuanming being a “hot” poet among them. The Yuan Dynasty inherited the “admiration for Tao” trend of the Song and Jin dynasties, and given its complex social background, it was difficult for Yuan literati to enter government service and govern the world. Instead, they turned to creating poetry and lyrics. Tao Yuanming, who had life experiences such as dynastic changes and resigning from office to live in seclusion, was more likely to evoke emotional resonance among poets. Yuan literati combined their own circumstances to create numerous “imitation poems of Tao Yuanming”. On the other hand, Tao Yuanming’s integrity in not serving the new dynasty and remaining poor and indigent was highly respected and admired by literati in the Yuan Dynasty. Tao’s poetry, which is natural, simple, gentle, and dilute, yet contains a strong sense of seclusion, resonates with the aesthetic and spiritual pursuits of Yuan literati. They loved Tao Yuanming and his poetry, and thus imitated his style. Multiple factors intertwined, ultimately promoting the popularity of Tao’s poetry in the Yuan Dynasty’s poetry scene.