“双碳”目标下物流企业碳排放现状及减排策略研究

Research on the Current Status and Emission Reduction Strategies of Carbon Emissions in Logistics Enterprises under the “Dual-Carbon” Goals

摘要: 在“双碳”目标下，物流企业绿色转型迫在眉睫。本文以我国物流企业为研究对象，覆盖公路货运、快递快运、冷链、合同物流、大宗物流、网络货运平台及仓储场站等全场景，系统分析碳排放规模、结构与减排瓶颈。研究发现，物流碳排放呈现公路运输主导、快递增速快、中小微企业转型难的突出特征，面临强制性、经济性和认知性三类瓶颈的嵌套锁定。针对上述困境，本文构建四维度鱼骨图从市场结构、政策环境、技术标准、企业组织行为剖析交互机制，设计“企业规模–业务类型”双维差异化策略矩阵，并提出与国家2030碳达峰、2060碳中和目标严格对齐的三阶段可量化减排路线图。研究可为不同规模、不同类型的物流企业提供碳排放诊断、路径选择与策略优化的理论与实践参考。

Abstract: Under the “dual-carbon” goals, the green transformation of logistics enterprises is imminent.This paper takes Chinese logistics enterprises as the research object, covering all scenarios including road freight, express delivery, cold chain, contract logistics, bulk logistics, online freight platforms, and warehousing stations, and systematically analyzes the scale, structure, and emission reduction bottlenecks of carbon emissions. The study finds that logistics carbon emissions are characterized by road transportation dominance, rapid growth of express delivery, and difficulties in transformation for small and medium-sized enterprises, facing a nested lock of three types of bottlenecks: mandatory, economic, and cognitive. To address the above difficulties, this paper constructs a four-dimensional fishbone diagram to analyze the interaction mechanism from the perspectives of market structure, policy environment, technical standards, and enterprise organizational behavior, designs a two-dimensional differentiated strategy matrix of “enterprise size—business type”, and proposes a three-stage quantifiable emission reduction roadmap strictly aligned with the national carbon peak target of 2030 and carbon neutrality target of 2060. This research can provide theoretical and practical references for carbon emission diagnosis, path selection, and strategy optimization for logistics enterprises of different sizes and types.