“数字孪生”背景下工程制图AUTOCAD的教学改革研究

Research on the Teaching Reform of Engineering Drawing and AutoCAD under the “Digital Twin” Paradigm

摘要: 在“工业4.0”与新工科建设的双重驱动下，数字孪生技术正深刻重塑工程实践模式与人才培养标准。作为工科专业的基础核心课程，《工程制图与AutoCAD》长期面临教学内容滞后、能力培养脱节、实践场景缺失等结构性困境。本文立足数字孪生技术特征与新工科教育理念，系统分析了当前课程教学的主要矛盾，提出了一套“基础夯实–能力进阶–思维拓展”的三层递进教学改革方案。研究构建了“2D → 3D → DT”模块化课程体系，设计了虚实融合的教学案例库与项目化实训任务，探索了反向教学法、混合学习空间与双师指导等创新教学路径，并系统融入了课程思政元素；搭建“过程 + 成果”“技能 + 素养”多元评价体系，配套设计一学期完整教学试点验证方案，针对平台建设、师资、学时分配、校企协同等落地难点给出可操作应对策略。研究旨在实现从“静态图纸”到“动态孪生”、从“技能训练”到“系统思维”的教学转型，为地方应用型高校工程制图课程改革提供可复制、可推广的理论支撑与实践参考。

Abstract: Driven by the dual imperatives of Industry 4.0 and the development of Emerging Engineering Education, Digital Twin (DT) technology is profoundly transforming engineering practice and redefining talent cultivation standards. As a fundamental core course in engineering education, Engineering Drawing and AutoCAD has long faced structural challenges, including outdated teaching content, a disconnect between competency development and industrial demands, and insufficient practical application scenarios. Based on the characteristics of Digital Twin technology and the educational philosophy of Emerging Engineering Education, this study systematically analyzes the major issues in current teaching practices and proposes a three-level progressive teaching reform framework featuring “Foundation Consolidation-Competency Advancement-Thinking Expansion.” A modular curriculum system of “2D → 3D → DT” is established, accompanied by the development of virtual-real integrated teaching cases and project-based training tasks. Innovative teaching approaches, including the flipped classroom model, blended learning environments, and dual-mentor guidance, are explored, while ideological and political education elements are systematically integrated into the curriculum. A multi-dimensional evaluation system integrating “process plus outcomes” and “skills plus literacy” is constructed, alongside a complete one-semester teaching pilot verification scheme. Operable countermeasures are proposed to address practical difficulties involving platform development, faculty training, class hour allocation and school-enterprise collaboration. The proposed reform aims to facilitate the transformation from “static drawings” to “dynamic digital twins” and from “skill-oriented training” to “system-oriented thinking,” providing both theoretical support and practical references for the reform of engineering drawing courses in application-oriented universities.