灾后易逝医疗资源卡车–无人机协同配送与调度优化研究

Truck-Drone Collaborative Delivery and Scheduling Optimization for Post-Disaster Perishable Medical Resources

摘要: 灾后应急医疗资源配送是应急管理和资源调度中的重要问题。灾区通常存在需求紧急、配送时间要求高、需求节点分布不均等特点，血液、疫苗和药品等易逝医疗资源在运输过程中容易受到时间影响，配送延迟会降低资源使用效果，并影响不同受灾点之间的服务公平性。针对以上问题，本文针对灾后易逝医疗资源的卡车–无人机协同配送问题，建立考虑物流成本、易逝医疗资源时效损失成本和相对剥夺成本的路径优化模型，并设计基于多种破坏与修复算子的改进大邻域搜索算法进行求解。研究基于Solomon算例集开展对比实验，实验结果表明，与仅使用卡车配送相比，卡车–无人机协同配送策略能够有效降低系统总成本与易逝医疗资源时效损失成本，并改善不同受灾点之间的服务公平性。研究结果可为灾后易逝医疗资源配置、运输组织和应急配送管理决策提供参考。

Abstract: Post-disaster emergency medical resource delivery is an important issue in emergency management and resource scheduling. Disaster-affected areas are usually characterized by urgent demand, high requirements for delivery timeliness, and uneven distribution of demand nodes. Perishable medical resources such as blood, vaccines, and medicines are sensitive to time during transportation. Delivery delays may reduce their effectiveness and affect service fairness among different disaster-affected sites. To address these issues, this paper develops a truck-drone collaborative delivery optimization model for post-disaster perishable medical resources. The model considers logistics cost, time-related loss cost of perishable medical resources, and relative deprivation cost. An improved large neighborhood search algorithm based on multiple destroy and repair operators is designed to solve the model. Comparative experiments are conducted based on the Solomon benchmark instances. The experimental results show that, compared with truck-only delivery, the truck-drone collaborative delivery strategy can effectively reduce the total system cost, reduce the time-related loss cost of perishable medical resources, and improve service fairness among different disaster-affected sites. The research results can provide a reference for post-disaster perishable medical resource allocation, transportation organization, and emergency delivery management decision-making.