社会嵌入视角下成都市养老居住模式研究

A Study on Elderly Living Arrangements in Chengdu from the Perspective of Social Embeddedness

摘要: 在老龄化与家庭结构小型化的双重背景下，老年人的养老居住模式已不再只是单纯的物理空间问题，而演变为有关社会关系维系与社区归属重建的社会性议题。本文以成都市为个案，运用社会嵌入理论，采用文献研究法，并结合对成都市相关公开统计资料与政策文件的引证分析，考察养老居住模式的社会影响及其面临的困境。研究发现，当前成都市养老居住供给呈现出明显的“脱嵌”特征：机构集中式养老潜在地加剧了空间隔离与代际疏离，集中式居住安排与社会支持网络的重构及潜在弱化相关，传统养老文化期待与现代居住现实之间形成呈现出认知维度的冲突与脱嵌趋势。矛盾在于养老居住空间的空间供给逻辑与老年人社会关系再生产的社会嵌入需求之间存在冲突。研究认为，应通过空间优化、关系重建、角色重塑与制度保障等路径，推动养老居住模式从“空间供给”迈向“社会营造”。

Abstract: Against the dual backdrop of population aging and family downsizing, elderly living arrangements have evolved beyond mere physical space concerns into a social issue involving the maintenance of social relationships and the reconstruction of community attachment. Taking Chengdu as a case study and employing social embeddedness theory, this paper adopts a literature research method supplemented by citation analysis of publicly available statistical data and policy documents pertaining to Chengdu. It systematically examines the social implications and predicaments of elderly living arrangements. The findings reveal conspicuous characteristics of “disembedding” in the current supply of elderly living arrangements in Chengdu: institutionalized congregate care is associated with heightened risks of spatial segregation and intergenerational alienation; centralized living arrangements correlate with a restructuring and potential attenuation of social support networks; and a cognitive dimension of conflict and disembedding trend emerges between traditional cultural expectations of eldercare and the realities of modern living arrangements. At the heart of this contradiction lies a structural tension between the spatial logic of elderly housing provision and the imperative to sustain and reproduce older adults’ social relationships. The study argues that elderly living arrangements should transition from “spatial provision” toward “social cultivation” through pathways such as spatial optimization, relationship rebuilding, role reshaping, and institutional safeguards.