论AI赋能农村养老的认知与接受障碍及文化成因

On the Cognitive and Acceptance Barriers of AI-Empowered Rural Elderly Care and Their Cultural Causes

摘要: 我国农村人口老龄化与数字技术扩散深度交织，AI养老设备在农村普遍面临发下去但用不起来的困境。本文以文化门槛为核心概念，揭示农村老年人接受AI设备面临信任、身份、情感三重阻力，这些阻力根植于四重文化逻辑，即系统信任难以嵌入熟人社会，监控逻辑冒犯老人的尊严，功能替代满足不了人情需求以及技术预设偏离老人的真实生活。贵州村嫂、南陵生命探测器、云阳AI摄像头等案例表明，以本土中介实现信任桥接、以日常器物实现技术隐形、以分级响应实现情理交融是技术嵌入乡土的有效路径，其前提是技术嵌入而非技术替代、技术适配社会而非社会适配技术。研究提出，跨越文化门槛需从信任桥接、污名消解、功能定位、需求转译四个方向推进，实现从技术中心向文化敏感、从替代逻辑向辅助逻辑的根本转变。

Abstract: The aging of China’s rural population is deeply intertwined with the diffusion of digital technologies. AI-based elderly care devices widely face the dilemma of being distributed but not used in rural areas. Taking the concept of “cultural threshold” as its core analytical framework, this paper reveals that rural elderly individuals encounter triple resistances in adopting AI devices, namely trust, identity, and emotion. These resistances are rooted in fourfold cultural logic: the difficulty of embedding systemic trust into the acquaintance society, the way monitoring logic offends the dignity of the elderly, the failure of functional substitution to meet the demand for human affection, and the deviation of technological presuppositions from the real lives of the elderly. Cases including the Cun Sao model in Guizhou, the life detector in Nanling, and the AI cameras in Yunyang demonstrate that using local intermediaries for trust bridging, integrating technology into everyday objects to make it invisible, and establishing graded response mechanisms to integrate efficiency with human touch are effective pathways for embedding technology into rural society. These pathways are premised on technological embedding rather than substitution, and on technology adapting to society rather than society adapting to technology. The study proposes that crossing the cultural threshold requires advancing practical transformation in four directions: trust bridging, stigma dissolution, functional positioning, and demand translation, thereby achieving a fundamental shift from a technology-centered to a culturally sensitive approach and from a substitution logic to an auxiliary logic.