膏桐新品种籽油脂肪酸组成及其炼制生物柴油的潜力

Analysis on Components of Fatty Acids from New Jatropha Cultivars Seed Oils and Their Potential of Preparing Biodiesel

摘要: 首次采用气象色谱法，开展两个膏桐新品种——多花膏桐和皱叶黑膏桐籽油得脂肪酸组成分析；同时，又以竹碳基固体酸为催化剂，以膏桐新品种(包括多花品种和皱叶黑品种)籽油为原料，探讨竹碳基固体酸在膏桐籽油酯化反应中的催化效应，测定了不同膏桐新品种籽油炼制生物柴油的效率。测定结果表明，膏桐新品种籽油脂肪酸的组成重要是棕榈酸、棕榈油酸、硬脂酸、油酸和油酸，品种间的差异主要体现在脂肪酸组成的相对比例的变化上，因此可作为膏桐植物种群进化的评价依据；膏桐新品种籽油炼制生物柴油的效率分别为多花膏桐89.68%、皱叶膏桐86.50%、西双版纳(勐仑)地方品种87.12%，其主要成分是棕榈酸甲酯、油酸甲酯和亚油酸甲酯。品种间的差异亦主要体现在脂肪酸甲酯组成的相对比例的变化上。

Abstract: Analysis of compounds of high-acid oil extracted with machine from two new jatropha cultivar seed had been carried out by Gas Chromatography (GC) since 2010. At the same time, using bamboo carbon base solid acid as a catalyst and the new jatropha cultivars seed oils as raw materials, impact factors of esterification reaction had been investigated, and esterification rate of the jatropha cultivars seed oils and main fatty acid compounds were also determined by GC. The results showed that the jatropha cultivars oils are mainly composition of palmitic acid, palmiticoleic acid, stearic, oleic and linoleic. Differences between both the seed oils of the different jatropha cultivars found mainly expression in the relative ratio of different fatty acids, indicating that a significant change in the relative ratio of the different fatty acids can be considered as an evolutionary evidence of jatropha population. On the basis of jatropha seed oils with high-acid value, esterification of the new jatropha seed oils was carried out using bamboo carbon base solid acid as a catalyst, and had achieved esterification rates of 86.5% - 89.7%. The products of the esterification are mainly composed of palmitic acid methyl, oleic methyl and linoleic methyl, and difference between these jatropha cultivars also found expression in the relative ratio of different fatty acid methyls. Black winkle-leafed jatropha cultivar is distinctive to the other two cultivars, which in the front rank of the fatty acid methyls is linoleic methyl that is the highest (42%) followed by oleic methyl (36%) and stearic methyl (16%), whist rank of other two cultivars is oleic methyl (42%) that is highest followed by linoleic methyl (36%) and stearic methyl (16%).