基于遗传–模拟退火混合算法的烟幕干扰弹协同投放策略研究

Study on Cooperative Launch Strategy of Smoke Jamming Bombs Based on GA-SA Hybrid Algorithm

摘要: 现代战场精确制导武器威胁日益严峻，烟幕干扰凭借低成本、高效能优势成为重要防护手段，无人机协同投放可有效提升干扰效果，而传统经验策略难以适配复杂作战场景。本文围绕单弹遮蔽、单机优化、单机多弹、多机协同及多机多弹对抗多目标的递进式场景，构建量化优化模型开展研究。基于运动学与几何判定方法求解单弹基础遮蔽时长为1.39 s，经遗传算法优化后提升至4.68 s。采用时段并集计时法优化单机三弹投放策略，遮蔽时长可达6.45 s。引入关键阶段权重因子，依托GA-SA混合算法实现三机协同干扰，总遮蔽时长13.15 s，关键阶段覆盖率达89.5%。针对五机十五弹对抗三枚导弹的高维优化问题，通过分层优化求解，最终实现32.54 s的有效遮蔽时长，可为多机协同烟幕干扰策略制定提供技术支撑。

Abstract: In modern warfare, precision-guided weapons pose increasingly severe threats. Smoke jamming, leveraging its cost-effectiveness and high efficiency, has become an important defensive measure. Coordinated delivery by multiple UAVs can effectively enhance jamming performance, yet traditional experience-based strategies are inadequate for complex combat scenarios. This paper focuses on a progressive sequence of scenarios—single-bomb shielding, single-UAV optimization, single-UAV multi-bomb release, multi-UAV coordination, and multi-UAV multi-bomb countering multiple targets—and establishes quantitative optimization models for systematic investigation. Using kinematic equations and geometric judgment methods, the baseline shielding duration for a single smoke bomb is calculated as 1.39 s. After optimization via a genetic algorithm, this duration is extended to 4.68 s. A time-interval union timing method is adopted to optimize the release strategy for three smoke bombs from a single UAV, achieving a total shielding duration of 6.45 s. By introducing weighting factors for critical engagement phases and employing a GA-SA hybrid algorithm, three-UAV cooperative jamming achieves a total shielding duration of 13.15 s, with a critical phase coverage rate of 89.5%. For the high-dimensional optimization problem of five UAVs with fifteen smoke bombs against three incoming missiles, a hierarchical optimization method is employed to solve the problem, ultimately achieving an effective shielding duration of 32.54 s. This can provide technical support for the formulation of multi-UAV cooperative smoke jamming strategies.