我国阿尔兹海默症患者养老问题的社会研究

A Social Study on the Elderly Care of Alzheimer’s Disease Patients in China

摘要: 在人口老龄化持续加深的大背景下，阿尔茨海默病已成为影响老年群体健康、加重家庭负担并考验社会治理能力的重要公共卫生问题。我国是全球该病患者数量最多的国家，患病人群不断增长，但面向这一群体的养老照护体系仍存在供给不足、社会认知偏差、专业力量薄弱、支持网络缺失等突出短板。本文以社会支持理论为分析框架，梳理阿尔茨海默病的基本概念、临床表现及病程演变规律，结合国内发展现状，从政策制度、社会认知、养老服务、家庭照护四个维度，系统分析当前我国阿尔茨海默病患者在养老方面面临的主要困境。在此基础上，提出完善顶层政策设计、加强科学知识普及、构建专业化照护体系、强化家庭照护支持等干预路径，旨在为建立覆盖疾病全程、多方协同参与的养老支持体系提供理论依据和实践参考，助力实现老年认知障碍群体有尊严、有质量、有温度的养老目标。

Abstract: Against the backdrop of deepening population aging, Alzheimer’s disease has emerged as a major public health issue that affects the health of older adults, increases family burdens, and challenges social governance. China has the largest number of Alzheimer’s patients in the world, and this population continues to grow. However, the elderly care system for this group still suffers from prominent shortcomings such as insufficient service supply, social cognitive biases, weak professional capacity, and a lack of support networks. Using social support theory as an analytical framework, this paper reviews the basic concepts, clinical manifestations, and disease progression patterns of Alzheimer’s disease. By examining the current domestic and international situations, it systematically analyzes the main difficulties faced by Alzheimer’s patients in China regarding elderly care from four dimensions: policy and institutional arrangements, social cognition, elderly care services, and family caregiving. On this basis, the paper proposes intervention pathways such as improving top-level policy design, strengthening scientific popularization, building a specialized care system, and enhancing family caregiving support. The aim is to provide theoretical foundations and practical references for establishing a multi-stakeholder, whole-course elderly care support system for Alzheimer’s patients, and to help achieve the goal of dignified, high-quality, and compassionate care for the elderly population with cognitive impairments.