银发经济高质量发展的现实困境与路径研究

Research on the Real-World Dilemmas and Pathways for High-Quality Development of the Silver Economy

摘要: 在人口老龄化持续加深和经济发展方式加快转型的背景下，银发经济逐渐成为兼具民生保障与经济增长功能的重要领域。银发经济的发展不仅关系老年群体生活质量的改善，也关系扩大内需、优化产业结构和培育新增长点的现实进程。当前，我国银发经济虽已具备较强的人口基础和政策支撑，但在实际发展中仍面临供需错配、产业基础薄弱、消费潜力转化不足、科技与人才支撑不充分以及制度规则有待完善等问题。造成这些困境的原因，既包括老年需求识别不够精准、市场供给组织能力不足，也与政策协同、标准建设和监管规则不够成熟有关。推动银发经济高质量发展，需要围绕需求分层重塑供给体系，增强科技创新与人才培养支撑，完善政策环境和市场规则，逐步形成政府引导、市场运作和社会参与相结合的发展格局。只有在民生保障与产业发展之间建立更有效的协调机制，银发经济才能真正从政策倡导转化为稳定、可持续的发展动能。

Abstract: Against the backdrop of deepening population aging and accelerating transformation of China’s development model, the silver economy has gradually become an important field that combines social welfare with economic growth. Its development is closely related not only to the improvement of the quality of life of older adults, but also to the expansion of domestic demand, the optimization of industrial structure, and the cultivation of new drivers of growth. Although China’s silver economy already has a solid demographic foundation and strong policy support, it still faces a number of constraints in practice, including mismatch between supply and demand, weak industrial foundations, insufficient conversion of consumption potential into effective demand, inadequate support from technology and professional talent, and an institutional framework that remains to be improved. These difficulties stem not only from the limited precision in identifying older adults’ needs and the weak organizational capacity of market supply, but also from insufficient policy coordination, incomplete standard-setting, and imperfect regulatory rules. To promote high-quality development of the silver economy, it is necessary to rebuild the supply system on the basis of differentiated demand, strengthen technological innovation and talent cultivation, and improve the policy environment and market order, so as to gradually form a development pattern characterized by government guidance, market operation, and social participation. Only by establishing a more effective coordination mechanism between social welfare and industrial development can the silver economy be transformed from a policy initiative into a stable and sustainable source of growth.