“双碳”背景下海洋碳汇交易市场建设的问题及对策研究

Research on Problems and Countermeasures of Marine Carbon Sink Trading Market Construction under the Background of “Dual Carbon” Goals

摘要: 在“碳达峰、碳中和”战略目标下，海洋碳汇作为陆地碳汇的重要补充，凭借巨大的固碳潜力成为中国实现“双碳”目标的途径之一。海洋碳汇交易是推动海洋生态资源价值化、市场化的关键路径，也是完善全国碳交易体系、拓宽生态减排渠道的重要举措。当前，中国海洋碳汇交易市场处于初步探索阶段，在制度体系、交易机制、技术支撑、市场主体参与等方面仍存在诸多短板，制约了海洋蓝碳资源的产业化、规模化发展。文章基于“双碳”战略实施的时代背景，系统梳理中国海洋碳汇交易市场的发展现状，深入剖析市场建设过程中存在的制度供给不足、核算方法不完善、交易机制不健全、市场活跃度不足、风险防控体系缺失等核心问题，并结合国内试点实践经验与国际蓝碳市场发展规律，针对性提出完善制度体系、优化技术标准、健全交易机制、激活市场主体、构建风险防控体系的多维发展对策，以期为中国海洋碳汇交易市场规范化、常态化、规模化建设提供理论参考与实践支撑，助力“双碳”目标高质量发展。

Abstract: Under the strategic goals of “carbon peak and carbon neutrality”, marine carbon sinks, as an important supplement to terrestrial carbon sinks, have become one of the pathways for China to achieve its “dual carbon” targets by virtue of their enormous carbon sequestration potential. Marine carbon sink trading is a key pathway for valorizing and commercializing marine ecological resources, and also an important measure for improving the national carbon trading system and broadening ecological emission reduction channels. At present, China’s marine carbon sink trading market is in a preliminary stage of exploration and still faces many shortcomings in terms of institutional frameworks, trading mechanisms, technical support, and market participant engagement, which constrain the industrialized and scaled development of marine blue carbon resources. Against the backdrop of the implementation of the “dual carbon” strategy, this paper systematically reviews the current development status of China’s marine carbon sink trading market, deeply analyzes core issues existing in the market construction process, including insufficient institutional supply, imperfect accounting methods, incomplete trading mechanisms, low market activity, and the absence of risk prevention and control systems. Combining domestic pilot practical experience and the development patterns of the international blue carbon market, this paper proposes multidimensional development countermeasures, including improving the institutional system, optimizing technical standards, perfecting trading mechanisms, activating market entities, and building a risk prevention and control system, with a view to providing theoretical references and practical support for the standardized, routine, and large-scale construction of China’s marine carbon sink trading market, and to facilitating the high-quality development of the “dual carbon” goals.