中国住房反向抵押养老保险研究热点与演进趋势——基于CiteSpace的知识图谱分析

Research Hotspots and Evolution Trend of Housing Reverse Mortgage Endowment Insurance in China—A Knowledge Graph Analysis Based on CiteSpace

摘要: 在人口老龄化持续加深的背景下，如何通过金融创新盘活老年群体拥有的住房资产，从而补充养老资金来源，逐渐成为养老金融研究的重要议题。住房反向抵押养老保险作为一种将住房资产转化为养老现金流的重要制度创新，在我国受到政策与学术界的广泛关注。然而，现有研究多集中于制度可行性或政策设计等具体议题，对于该研究领域整体发展格局与知识结构缺乏系统梳理。本文基于文献计量学方法，以中国知网(CNKI)数据库为数据来源，选取2001~2025年间与住房反向抵押养老保险相关的1525篇文献作为研究样本，并利用CiteSpace软件构建知识图谱，对发文趋势、研究热点以及研究前沿进行可视化分析。研究结果表明：我国住房反向抵押养老保险研究呈现明显的政策驱动特征，发文量在2013~2014年达到高峰；研究热点主要集中在“以房养老”“养老模式”“居住权”等宏观制度议题，其中“以房养老”在关键词网络中具有最高频次与中心性；研究前沿则经历了“概念引入–实践困境–法律制度深化”的演进路径，其中“居住权”在2020年后突现强度最高。总体来看，我国住房反向抵押养老保险研究仍处于制度探索阶段，未来研究需要进一步加强风险定价、金融工程以及精算模型等微观技术层面的研究，以推动该制度在我国的长期发展。

Abstract: With the continuous deepening of population aging, how to activate housing assets owned by the elderly through financial innovation to supplement pension income has become an important issue in pension finance research. Reverse mortgage endowment insurance, as an innovative financial arrangement that converts housing assets into stable cash flows, has attracted extensive attention from both policymakers and scholars in China. However, existing studies mainly focus on institutional feasibility and policy design, while systematic reviews of the research structure and development trends in this field remain relatively limited. Based on bibliometric methods, this study uses the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) database to collect 1525 relevant publications from 2001 to 2025. CiteSpace software is employed to construct knowledge maps and conduct visual analysis of publication trends, research hotspots, and emerging research fronts in the field of reverse mortgage endowment insurance. The results indicate that research on reverse mortgage endowment insurance in China demonstrates a clear policy-driven characteristic, with the number of publications peaking around 2013~2014. The main research hotspots focus on themes such as “housing-for-pension”, “aging population”, “pension model”, and “right of habitation”. Among them, “housing reverse mortgage for elderly care” boasts the highest frequency and centrality in the keyword network. The research frontier has evolved along the path of concept introduction-practical dilemmas-deepening of legal systems, with “right of habitation” showing the sharpest burst strength after 2020. Overall, research in this field in China is still at an exploratory stage, with most studies focusing on institutional discussions. Future studies should strengthen interdisciplinary approaches and pay more attention to technical issues such as risk pricing, actuarial modeling, and financial product design, in order to promote the sustainable development of reverse mortgage endowment insurance.