逆向反哺对老年人心理健康的影响

The Impact of Reverse Parenting on the Mental Health of the Elderly

摘要: 随着我国人口老龄化加剧，老年人心理健康问题日益受到关注。逆向反哺作为数字化时代年轻一代向老年人传授新知识与新技能的特殊代际互动模式，对老年人心理健康具有双向影响。正面机制包括提升自我效能感、缓解孤独感与增强归属感、增强社会适应能力及促进积极老龄化；潜在负面影响涉及角色冲突与自尊受损、过度依赖及代际情感疏离。为充分发挥其积极作用，需在家庭层面尊重老年人意愿、注重情感反哺与双向沟通，在社区层面开展代际共学活动与数字技能培训，在社会层面加强正向宣传、政策引导与科研支持。本文系统分析逆向反哺对老年人心理健康的作用机制，并提出多层面干预建议。

Abstract: With the intensification of population aging in China, mental health issues among the elderly have garnered increasing attention. Reverse mentoring, as a unique intergenerational interaction model in the digital era where the younger generation imparts new knowledge and skills to the elderly, exerts a bidirectional influence on their psychological well-being. Positive mechanisms include enhancing self-efficacy, alleviating loneliness and strengthening a sense of belonging, improving social adaptability, and promoting active aging. Potential negative impacts involve role conflicts and self-esteem damage, excessive dependency, and intergenerational emotional estrangement. To fully leverage its positive effects, it is necessary to respect the elderly’s preferences, emphasize emotional support and two-way communication at the family level; organize intergenerational co-learning activities and digital skills training at the community level; and strengthen positive advocacy, policy guidance, and research support at the societal level. This paper systematically analyzes the mechanisms through which reverse mentoring affects the mental health of the elderly and proposes multi-level intervention recommendations.