马克思主义人口理论视角下我国应对人口老龄化问题的研究

A Study on China’s Response to Population Aging from the Perspective of Marxist Population Theory

摘要: 人口老龄化是我国现代化进程中必须直面的重大人口问题，其深度演进对劳动力供给、社会保障、经济社会发展等诸多领域形成深刻影响。马克思主义人口理论作为科学认识人口现象、把握人口规律的理论工具，蕴含着两种生产理论、人口质量理论、人的发展与社会发展相适应理论等核心内涵，为我国应对人口老龄化提供了根本理论遵循。当前我国人口老龄化呈现出规模庞大、增速较快、未富先老、城乡倒置等特征，同时叠加少子化、低生育率与养老服务体系不完善等现实困境。基于马克思主义人口理论的核心要义，从挖掘银发经济动能、提升老年人口质量、优化生育政策、完善养老服务体系等维度探寻应对路径，能够为我国实施积极应对人口老龄化国家战略、实现人口与经济社会协调发展提供理论支撑与实践指引。

Abstract: Population aging is a major demographic challenge that China must confront in the process of modernization. Its in-depth evolution exerts profound impacts on labor supply, social security, economic and social development and other fields. As a theoretical tool for scientifically understanding demographic phenomena and grasping population laws, Marxist population theory contains core connotations including the theory of two kinds of production, population quality theory, and the theory of coordination between human and social development, which provides fundamental theoretical guidelines for China to address population aging. At present, China’s population aging is characterized by a large scale, rapid growth, aging before affluence, and urban-rural inversion, accompanied by practical dilemmas such as declining birth rates, low fertility and an imperfect elderly care service system. Based on the core essence of Marxist population theory, this paper explores countermeasures from multiple dimensions: unlocking the driving force of the silver economy, improving the quality of the elderly population, optimizing fertility policies, and refining the elderly care service system. It can provide theoretical support and practical guidance for China to implement the national strategy of actively responding to population aging and realize the coordinated development of population, economy and society.