马克思社会发展理论视域下人口老龄化与中国式现代化协同推进研究

Research on the Coordinated Advancement of Population Aging and Chinese-Style Modernization from the Perspective of Marx’s Social Development Theory

摘要: 人口老龄化是我国迈向现代化进程中具有长期性、结构性的重要国情，也是推进中国式现代化必须统筹应对的重大课题。马克思社会发展理论以人的全面发展为价值归宿，以生产力与生产关系矛盾运动为分析主线，强调社会有机体的系统性、协调性与可持续性，为科学认识人口老龄化、实现老龄事业与现代化建设协同发展提供了根本方法论。本文立足于马克思社会发展理论的基本立场与核心观点，阐释人口老龄化与中国式现代化协同推进的理论逻辑，从挑战与机遇两个维度分析老龄化对现代化进程的双重影响，剖析当前在认知理念、制度供给、资源配置与治理结构等方面存在的现实梗阻，并在此基础上提出以价值引领为根本、以经济发展为支撑、以制度完善为保障、以多元共治为路径的协同发展策略。研究表明，老龄化并非现代化进程中的消极负担，而是可以转化为推动产业升级、治理创新与社会进步的积极因素。在马克思主义科学理论指导下推动人口结构变迁与中国式现代化深度融合，有利于实现经济高质量发展、民生持续改善与社会全面进步，彰显中国式现代化的本质特征与制度优势。

Abstract: Population aging is a long-term and structural key national condition in China’s modernization process, and it is also a major issue that must be comprehensively addressed to promote modernization with Chinese characteristics. Marx’s theory of social development takes the comprehensive development of humans as its value destination, uses the contradiction movement between productive forces and production relations as its main analytical thread, and emphasizes the system, coordination, and sustainability of the social organism. This provides a fundamental methodology for scientifically understanding population aging and achieving the coordinated development of aging undertakings and modernization. Based on the basic stance and core viewpoints of Marx’s theory of social development, this paper elaborates the theoretical logic of the coordinated promotion of population aging and modernization with Chinese characteristics, analyzes the dual impact of aging on the modernization process from the perspectives of challenges and opportunities, dissects current practical obstacles in cognitive concepts, institutional supply, resource allocation, and governance structure, and on this basis proposes a coordinated development strategy led by values, supported by economic development, ensured by institutional improvement, and pursued through multi-stakeholder co-governance. The study shows that aging is not a negative burden in the modernization process, but can be transformed into a positive factor for promoting industrial upgrading, governance innovation, and social progress. Under the guidance of Marxist scientific theory, promoting the deep integration of population structure changes with modernization with Chinese characteristics is conducive to achieving high-quality economic development, sustainable improvement of people’s livelihoods, and overall social progress, highlighting the essential characteristics and institutional advantages of modernization with Chinese characteristics.