农村失能老人照护服务中社会工作的介入空间与实践策略——基于家庭照护者支持视角

The Intervention Space and Practical Strategies of Social Work in the Care Services for Disabled Elderly in Rural Areas—Based on the Perspective of Supporting Family Caregivers

摘要: 随着我国人口老龄化程度持续加深，农村失能老人照护问题已成为养老服务体系中的“难中之难”。家庭照护者作为农村失能老人照护的核心力量，长期承受着身体耗竭、心理压抑、经济匮乏和社会孤立的叠加压力，形成“三高三无”的结构性困境。然而，当前政策体系更多聚焦于失能老人本身，对家庭照护者的系统性支持严重不足。本文基于家庭照护者支持视角，分析了农村失能老人照护服务的现实困境与制度空隙，论证了社会工作介入农村失能老人照护服务的双重空间——政策介入空间与专业介入空间，进而系统阐述了社会工作的多元实践策略。在此基础上，本文探讨了社会工作介入面临的人才、制度与可及性挑战，并提出通过政策嵌入、服务下沉与模式创新提升介入效能的制度保障建议，以期推动农村失能老人照护服务从“家庭独扛”走向“社会共担”。

Abstract: With the continuous deepening of population aging in China, the care issue of disabled elderly people in rural areas has become the most difficult problem in the elderly care service system. As the core force in the care of disabled elderly people in rural areas, family caregivers have long been under the cumulative pressure of physical exhaustion, psychological depression, economic scarcity and social isolation, forming a structural predicament of “three highs and three no’s”. However, the current policy system focuses more on the disabled elderly themselves, and the systematic support for family caregivers is seriously insufficient. Based on the perspective of supporting family caregivers, this paper analyzes the realistic predicament and institutional gap of elderly care services for disabled elderly people in rural areas, and argues the dual spaces for social work intervention in elderly care services for disabled elderly people in rural areas-policy intervention space and professional intervention space. Then, it systematically expounds the multiple practical strategies of social work. On this basis, this paper discusses the challenges of talent, system and accessibility faced by social work intervention, and puts forward institutional guarantee suggestions to enhance the intervention efficiency through policy embedding, service sinking and model innovation, with the aim of promoting the elderly care services for disabled elderly people in rural areas from “family alone” to “social sharing”.