线上线下融合视角下老年助餐服务可达性与公平性研究——以南京市为例

Accessibility and Equity of Elderly Meal Assistance Services from the Perspective of Online-Offline Integration—A Case Study of Nanjing, China

摘要: 保障老年群体就餐权益是应对人口老龄化的全球性议题。本文以中国南京市为实证案例，将助餐服务划分为线下定点助餐模式和线上配送助餐模式，并构建线上线下为一体的混合模式进行对比分析。采用改进的2SFCA测度服务可达性，结合洛伦兹曲线与基尼系数评估公平性，并通过ANOVA检验城乡差异。结果表明：纯线下模式下可达性整体偏低，城乡差距显著；假设全面引入线上配送后，可达性大幅提升，城乡差异趋于不显著，但资源向优势区域集中，呈现“马太效应”，空间不平等加剧。同时，行动障碍与数字鸿沟制约社会公平实现。据此提出，提升老年就餐福利需空间公平与社会公平并重：前者依托设施布局优化与生产者补贴完善供给网络，后者依靠适老数字服务建设与消费者补贴破解使用障碍。实证研究结果对制定老年助餐服务的线上线下混合策略，构建更加公平、包容、可持续的养老助餐服务体系具有重要意义。

Abstract: Safeguarding the dining rights and interests of the elderly constitutes a global imperative in response to population aging. Taking Nanjing, China as an empirical case, this study categorizes meal assistance services into offline site-based models and online delivery models, and further constructs an integrated online-offline hybrid model for comparative analysis. The improved Two-Step Floating Catchment Area (2SFCA) method is employed to measure service accessibility, the Lorenz curve and Gini coefficient are applied to evaluate equity, and ANOVA is used to examine urban-rural disparities. The results indicate that: 1) Under the purely offline model, overall accessibility remains relatively low with significant urban-rural disparities. 2) Assuming the full introduction of online delivery services, accessibility improves substantially and the urban-rural gap becomes statistically non-significant; however, resources concentrate in advantaged areas, manifesting a “Matthew effect” and exacerbating spatial inequality. Meanwhile, mobility limitations and the digital divide continue to constrain the realization of social equity. Accordingly, this paper argues that enhancing elderly dining welfare necessitates equal emphasis on both spatial equity and social equity: the former can be advanced through facility layout optimization and producer subsidies to refine the supply network, while the latter relies on the development of age-friendly digital services and consumer subsidies to mitigate usage barriers. The empirical findings provide valuable implications for formulating integrated online-offline strategies and for building a more equitable, inclusive, and sustainable elderly meal assistance service system.