鲁西南草本植物生长季及物候期持续日数对气候变化的响应

Response of Growing Period and Phenology Duration of Herbaceous Plants to Climate Change in Southwestern Shandong Province

摘要: 以鲁西南地区为研究对象，采用统计分析法研究5种草本植物生长季与物候期持续日数对气候变化的响应规律。结果表明：研究区的气温呈极显著上升(p < 0.01)，降水量呈微弱增加趋势，日照时数明显下降。在此气候变化背景下，草本植物的春季物候持续期、秋季物候持续期和全生长季均相应延长，其中全生长季延长的趋势比较显著(p < 0.05)。物候持续期与气温和积温的相关性不明显，降水量和日照时数则对植物的某些物候持续期的影响显著(p < 0.05)，而在植物全生长季的变化中，气温是主要的影响因子，随着年平均气温每升高1℃，植物生长季延长1.0~13.0 d，年平均最高气温每升高1℃，生长季延长4.0~10.0 d，年平均最低气温每升高1℃，生长季延长2.0~11.0 d。5种草本植物中，车前和芦苇对气候变化的响应最明显，其次是苍耳，莲对气候变化的响应则较迟钝，研究结果可为当地农时预报、农业气象服务提供参考。

Abstract: The response pattern of climate change on growing period and phenology duration of 5 herba- ceous plants was analyzed by using the statistical analysis methods in Southwestern Shandong Province. The results showed that the temperature had very significantly increasing tendency (p < 0.01), the precipitation had a little increase, the sunshine had very significantly decreased trend. Under the background of climate change, the spring phenology duration, autumn phenology du- ration and the whole growing period of herbaceous plant were all showed prolonged, especially the trend of growing period was more significant (p < 0.05). The phenology duration was no obvious correlation with temperature and accumulated temperature, the precipitation and sunshines had significant effect on some phenology (p < 0.05), the temperature was the important factor which impacted the growing period, the plant growing periods prolonged 1.0 - 13.0 d, 4.0 - 10.0 d and 2.0 - 11.0 d with mean temperature, mean maximum temperature, mean minimum temperature 1˚C increase, respectively. The Plantago asiatica and Phragmites communis were the being sensitive plants in 5 herbaceous plants, Xanthium sibiricum secondly, Nelumbo nucifera was most insensitive, the research results could reference for farming season prediction and agro-me- teorological services.