基于亲生物设计模式的喀斯特山地高校景观感知研究——以贵州大学西校区为例

A Study on Landscape Perception of Karst Mountain University Campuses Based on Biophilic Design Patterns —A Case Study of West Campus, Guizhou University

摘要: 亲生物性是人类与自然建立联系的内在心理倾向，对个体心理健康具有关键作用。高校校园景观作为学生日常学习、生活与社交的核心场所，其亲生物设计对缓解学业压力、提升专注力及促进社会交往具有积极影响。尽管国内外学者已从理论探讨与实证研究层面关注亲生物设计在高校环境中的应用，但针对喀斯特山地等独特地理文化语境下高校校园亲生物景观的感知研究仍相对匮乏。基于此，本研究以贵州大学西校区16处典型景观为对象，划分为4组平行样本开展问卷测评，通过统计分析揭示学生对不同景观类型的主观评价差异。结果显示：景观感知、偏好与恢复性效益三者呈显著正相关；各组景观评价存在显著组间与组内差异，包含水体、复合植被、开阔视野与文化特色的景观更受青睐，单一硬质与要素单调的景观偏好较低；第4组综合得分显著高于其他组别。研究表明，自然要素丰富度、空间开放性、水体景观与视觉舒适度是影响大学生偏好的核心因素。研究结果可为喀斯特山地高校健康校园建设与亲生物景观优化设计提供实证依据。

Abstract: Biophilia is an inherent psychological tendency of humans to connect with nature and plays a crucial role in individual mental health. As the primary setting for students’ daily study, life, and social interaction, university campus landscapes—when designed with biophilic principles—can positively alleviate academic stress, enhance concentration, and promote social engagement. Although scholars both domestically and internationally have explored the application of biophilic design in higher education environments through theoretical discussions and empirical studies, research on the perception of biophilic landscapes on university campuses within unique geographical and cultural contexts such as karst mountainous areas remains relatively scarce. To address this gap, this study selected 16 typical landscape sites on the West Campus of Guizhou University, divided into four parallel sample groups for questionnaire-based evaluation. Statistical analyses revealed significant positive correlations among landscape perception, preference, and restorative benefits. Significant inter-group and intra-group differences were observed in landscape evaluations: landscapes featuring water bodies, complex vegetation, open views, and cultural characteristics were more preferred, while those dominated by hard surfaces or monotonous elements received lower preference scores. The comprehensive score of Group 4 was significantly higher than those of the other groups. The findings indicate that natural element richness, spatial openness, water features, and visual comfort are core factors influencing university students’ landscape preferences. These results provide empirical evidence for the construction of healthy campuses in karst mountainous universities and the optimization of biophilic landscape design.