填充墙对框架结构抗震性能影响研究综述

A Review of the Influence of Infill Walls on the Seismic Performance of Frame Structures

摘要: 填充墙作为框架结构中广泛应用的非结构构件，其在地震荷载下的复杂受力机理与失效模式对整体结构安全性的影响，一直是地震工程领域的研究热点。本文系统梳理了近年来国内外关于填充墙抗震性能的研究成果，重点综述了填充墙与框架结构的相互作用机制、破坏模式分类及其对结构整体刚度、承载力及耗能能力的影响。首先，回顾了从传统刚性填充墙到柔性连接、带开口填充墙的试验研究与数值模拟方法进展；其次，对比分析了等效斜压杆理论、精细化有限元模拟及宏观简化模型等不同计算方法的适用性与局限性。此外，本文归纳了影响填充墙抗震性能的关键参数，包括材料强度、高宽比、开洞率及连接构造措施，并探讨了现有抗震规范中关于填充墙设计条款的不足。最后，针对填充墙“不可预测的脆性破坏”及“强梁弱墙”等问题，提出了未来研究应聚焦于新型高韧性连接件研发、多尺度协同工作机制及基于性能的抗震设计方法。

Abstract: As a widely used non-structural component in frame structures, infill walls have long been a research hotspot in the field of earthquake engineering due to their complex mechanical mechanism and failure modes under seismic loads, which exert significant influences on the overall structural safety. This paper systematically reviews the domestic and international research findings on the seismic performance of infill walls in recent years, focusing on the interaction mechanism between infill walls and frame structures, the classification of failure modes, and their effects on the overall stiffness, bearing capacity and energy dissipation capacity of the structure. Firstly, the progress of experimental research and numerical simulation methods from traditional rigid infill walls to flexible connections and infill walls with openings is reviewed. Secondly, the applicability and limitations of different calculation methods, such as the equivalent strut model, refined finite element simulation and macroscopic simplified models, are compared and analyzed. In addition, this paper summarizes the key parameters affecting the seismic performance of infill walls, including material strength, aspect ratio, opening ratio and connection details, and discusses the deficiencies of relevant design provisions for infill walls in current seismic codes. Finally, in view of the problems such as “unpredictable brittle failure” and “strong beam-weak wall” of infill walls, it is proposed that future research should focus on the development of new high-toughness connectors, multi-scale cooperative working mechanisms and performance-based seismic design methods.