WTO电子商务协定下数据治理的现实困境与优化路径——基于规则适配与实践落地的双重维度

Real Dilemmas and Optimization Pathways of Data Governance under the WTO E-Commerce Agreement—Based on the Dual Dimension of Regulatory Alignment and Practical Implementation

摘要: 2024年WTO《电子商务协定》稳定文本公布，确立了全球多边数字贸易核心规则框架。为支持数字领域开放、对接国际高标准规则，需破解数据治理面临的规则适配冲突、实践落地短板及安全例外适用困境。本文解析协定核心规则与创新点，提出“规则优化–实践强化–国际协同”三维路径，通过细化数据分类、建立分级监管、参与全球治理等举措，平衡数据治理与贸易便利，为数据治理与协定有效对接提供参考。

Abstract: With the publication of the 2024 WTO Agreement on Electronic Commerce, a core multilateral rule framework for global digital trade has been established. To support openness in the digital sector and align with high-standard international rules, it is essential to address the conflicts in rule adaptation, the shortcomings in practical implementation, and the difficulties in applying security exceptions within data governance. This paper analyzes the core rules and innovations of the Agreement and proposes a three-dimensional path of “rule optimization, practice reinforcement, and international collaboration”. By refining data classification, establishing tiered regulation, and participating in global governance, the study seeks to balance data governance with trade facilitation, providing a reference for the effective alignment of national data governance with the WTO Agreement.