AIGC时代新闻传播的伦理法律风险及分层治理

The Ethical and Legal Risks of News Transmission and Hierarchical Governance in the AIGC Era

摘要: 生成式人工智能(AIGC)正从辅助工具演变为新闻生产网络中的准行动者，其介入新闻场域后衍生多重治理难题，如人机权责模糊消解传统把关机制，算法生成逻辑弱化新闻人文底色，训练数据侵权与AI生成物权属争议带来系统性版权纠纷，深度伪造内容加剧网络信息失序等。本文以新闻专业主义与行动者网络理论为分析框架，将AIGC对新闻业的根本性挑战归结为事实性根基动摇与公共性逻辑消解双重维度，从而拆解伦理与法律风险的内在关联，并从立法监管、媒体内控、从业者能力重塑、技术企业合规、受众素养提升五大主体出发构建分层协同治理体系，为智媒时代新闻业的高质量发展提供学理参照与实践路径。

Abstract: Generative artificial intelligence (AIGC) is evolving from an auxiliary tool to a quasi-actor in news production networks. After its intervention in the news field, it has arisen multiple governance challenges, such as blurring human and machine rights responsibilities to resolve traditional shutdown mechanisms, algorithmic generation logic to weaken the background of news literacy, training data infringement and AI-generated property rights disputes to lead to systemic copyright disputes, deep falsification of content to exacerbate network information disorder, and so on. This paper uses journalism professionalism and actor network theory as an analytical framework. It reduces AIGC’s fundamental challenges to the news industry to the dual dimensions of factual fundamental instability and public logic resolution, thus dismantling the intrinsic association between ethical and legal risks. It builds a hierarchical and collaborative governance system starting from the five main subjects of legislative regulation, media internal control, practitioner capability reshaping, technology enterprise compliance, and audience literacy enhancement, providing a theoretical reference and practical path for the high-quality development of the news industry in the intelligent media era.