民事执行实施权社会化的路径探索

Exploring the Path to Socializing the Implementation Power of Civil Execution

摘要: 在司法实践中，“执行难”问题长期存在，困扰着我国的民事执行工作。民事执行实施权社会化是破解“执行难”的创新路径，旨在通过引入社会力量参与执行工作，构建“司法裁判 + 社会实施”的协同治理模式。基于执行权的公权力属性及社会契约理论，执行实施权的社会化改革具有正当性。当前，我国社会化实践集中于财产调查、文书送达及财产拍卖等领域，但仍面临主体资质不明、社会化覆盖狭窄、监督救济机制缺失三重困境。为进一步推进社会化实践，需明确律师及社会执行机构的资质标准，分阶段实现执行调查权深度社会化与查封扣押等权能社会化，并构建法院监督、当事人监督的监督体系及具体的救济程序，有助于优化司法资源配置，构建现代化执行治理体系，为解决“执行难”提供理论与实践参考。

Abstract: In judicial practice, the long-standing problem of “difficulty in enforcement” has plagued civil execution in China. The socialization of the implementation power of civil execution offers an innovative path to address this issue, aiming to introduce social forces into the enforcement process and establish a collaborative governance model of “judicial adjudication + social implementation”. Grounded in the public nature of enforcement power and social contract theory, the socialization reform of implementation power is justified. Current socialized practices in China focus on areas such as property investigation, service of legal documents, and property auction. However, they face three major dilemmas: unclear qualification standards for social actors, limited coverage of socialization, and a lack of supervision and remedy mechanisms. To further advance socialized practices, it is necessary to clarify qualification standards for private enforcement individuals, lawyers, and social enforcement agencies; gradually achieve deep socialization of enforcement investigation powers and the socialization of powers such as seizure and impoundment in phases; and establish a supervision system involving court oversight and party supervision, along with specific remedy procedures. These measures will help optimize the allocation of judicial resources, build a modern enforcement governance system, and provide both theoretical and practical references for resolving the “difficulty in enforcement”.