数字经济背景下农产品流通效率提升路径研究

Research on the Path of Improving Agricultural Product Circulation Efficiency under the Background of Digital Economy

摘要: 农产品流通效率是衡量农业现代化水平的重要标志，直接影响农民收入、消费者福利及城乡经济协调发展。本文基于供应链管理理论、交易成本理论与信息不对称理论，系统剖析我国农产品流通体系的现实困境，深入阐释数字经济促进流通效率提升的内在逻辑，并结合实践提出优化路径。目前，我国农产品流通损耗率和流通成本明显高于发达国家水平；流通环节冗长、冷链物流体系薄弱、信息化程度不足、组织化水平偏低是制约效率提升的核心瓶颈。数字经济通过降低信息搜寻成本、重构流通渠道、优化冷链资源配置、创新供应链金融等机制，能够有效破解上述困境。基于此，本文从完善数字基础设施、创新流通模式、健全冷链体系、培育新型经营主体、强化政策保障五个维度提出系统性对策，以期为乡村振兴战略下农产品流通体系现代化提供理论参考。

Abstract: Agricultural product circulation efficiency is an important indicator of agricultural modernization level, directly affecting farmers’ income, consumer welfare, and coordinated development of urban and rural economies. Based on supply chain management theory, transaction cost theory, and information asymmetry theory, this paper systematically analyzes the practical dilemmas of China’s agricultural product circulation system, deeply elucidates the internal logic of digital economy in promoting circulation efficiency improvement, and proposes optimization paths combined with practical experience. The study finds that China’s agricultural product circulation loss rate and circulation costs are significantly higher than those of developed countries. The lengthy circulation chain, weak cold chain logistics system, insufficient informatization, and low level of organization are the core bottlenecks restricting efficiency improvement. The digital economy can effectively overcome these dilemmas through mechanisms such as reducing information search costs, reconstructing circulation channels, optimizing cold chain resource allocation, and innovating supply chain finance. Accordingly, this paper proposes systematic countermeasures from five dimensions: improving digital infrastructure, innovating circulation models, perfecting the cold chain system, cultivating new types of business entities, and strengthening policy guarantees, in order to provide theoretical references for the modernization of the agricultural product circulation system under the rural revitalization strategy.