数智资本的价值幻象及其批判——人工智能时代马克思劳动价值论的当代阐释

The Value Illusion of Digital-Intelligent Capital and Its Criticism—A Contemporary Interpretation of Marx’s Labor Theory of Value in the Age of Artificial Intelligence

摘要: 人工智能的广泛应用使算法、数据、算力和平台深度嵌入社会生产，并形成以数据占有、算法控制和平台垄断为特征的数智资本。围绕智能机器能否创造价值、数字劳动是否改变资本剥削等问题，本文运用马克思劳动价值论和政治经济学批判方法展开分析。研究认为，人工智能是人类劳动、科学技术和社会一般智力的对象化形态，能够提高劳动生产率、扩大物质财富生产，却不能取代活劳动成为价值和剩余价值的源泉。数智资本通过遮蔽研发、标注、运维、平台用户等主体的协作劳动，把社会劳动成果表现为技术和资本自身的增殖能力。人工智能时代坚持劳动价值论，应揭示数智资本遮蔽价值来源的机制、数字劳动的隐蔽剥削和算法规训机制，并推动智能技术服务于共同富裕、劳动解放和人的自由全面发展。

Abstract: The widespread application of artificial intelligence (AI) has deeply integrated algorithms, data, computing power, and platforms into social production, giving rise to digital-intelligent capital, a contemporary form of capital characterized by data appropriation, algorithmic control, and platform monopoly. Drawing on Marx’s labor theory of value and his critique of political economy, this article examines whether intelligent machines can create value and whether digital labor has transformed the mechanisms of capitalist exploitation. It argues that AI is an objectified form of human labor, scientific and technological knowledge, and the general intellect. Although AI can increase labor productivity and expand the production of material wealth, it cannot replace living labor as the source of value and surplus value. By obscuring the cooperative labor of R&D personnel, data annotators, operations and maintenance personnel, and platform users, digital-intelligent capital makes the products of social labor appear to arise from the autonomous valorizing power of technology and capital. Upholding the labor theory of value in the age of AI therefore requires revealing how digital-intelligent capital obscures the source of value, exposing the concealed exploitation of digital labor and the disciplinary mechanisms of algorithmic control, and orienting intelligent technologies toward common prosperity, labor emancipation, and the free and all-round development of human beings.