阿克塞洛斯“行星性”概念对马克思劳动理论的重释

Axelos’s “Planetary” Concept as a Reinterpretation of Marx’s Theory of Labor

摘要: 科斯塔斯·阿克塞洛斯以“行星性”概念重新进入马克思与海德格尔之间的思想关系。其意图并非以技术哲学取代马克思的政治经济学批判，而是把劳动问题置入现代技术支配、全球扩张与世界意义衰微的共同背景中加以重释。马克思从人的对象性活动、资本主义生产关系和劳动异化出发，揭示了劳动如何由人的自我实现活动转化为资本增殖的手段。阿克塞洛斯则指出，在行星性技术条件下，劳动异化还表现为劳动空间被网络化、劳动时间被加速化、人与世界的关系受到技术性组织方式的塑造。文章从空间、时间和本体论三个层面分析其对劳动理论的拓展，并讨论这一重释的限度及其对理解当代技术劳动的启示。文章认为，阿克塞洛斯的贡献在于揭示资本逻辑之外的技术世界图景，但其思想只有与马克思关于阶级、所有制和资本积累的分析结合起来，才能形成对当代劳动异化较为完整的批判。

Abstract: Kostas Axelos reenters the intellectual relationship between Marx and Heidegger through the concept of “planetary”. His aim is not to replace Marx’s political economy critique with a philosophy of technology, but rather to reinterpret the question of labor within the shared context of modern technological domination, global expansion, and the erosion of world meaning. Marx revealed how labor—originally an activity of human self-realization—becomes a means of capital accumulation by analyzing human objectifying activity, capitalist production relations, and labor alienation. Axelos, in contrast, argues that under planetary technological conditions, labor alienation manifests further as the networking of labor space, the acceleration of labor time, and the shaping of the relationship between people and the world by technical organizational methods. The article analyzes his extension of labor theory across three dimensions—space, time, and ontology—and discusses the limits of this reinterpretation and its implications for understanding contemporary technological labor. It contends that Axelos’s contribution lies in unveiling a vision of the technological world beyond capital logic; however, his insights can only form a more comprehensive critique of contemporary labor alienation when combined with Marx’s analyses of class, ownership, and capital accumulation.