从《德意志意识形态》看马克思主义哲学理论体系的生成逻辑

The Generative Logic of the Theoretical System of Marxist Philosophy from the Perspective of The German Ideology

摘要: 《德意志意识形态》作为历史唯物主义的奠基之作，在马克思主义哲学发展史上占据着不可替代的核心枢纽地位。本文以该著作为中心文本，系统考察历史唯物主义理论体系从思想史前提的孕育、经由中间环节的理论准备、直至最终系统建构的完整生成过程。通过对马克思恩格斯从黑格尔思辨辩证法出发，经过费尔巴哈人本学唯物主义的中介，最终在物质生产实践的基础上实现历史观根本变革这一思想历程的深入剖析，揭示历史唯物主义并非某种先验的理论构造，而是在批判继承德国古典哲学遗产、回应资本主义时代现实问题的过程中逐步生成的具有严密逻辑的社会历史分析框架。在当代数字资本主义与消费社会交织的语境下，重温历史唯物主义的生成逻辑，对于透视当代资本逻辑的新形态、反思技术理性对人的生存境遇的遮蔽、探索现代性困境的超越路径具有不可替代的时代价值。

Abstract: As the foundational work of historical materialism, The German Ideology occupies an irreplaceable core position in the development history of Marxist philosophy. Centering on this text, this paper systematically examines the complete generative process of the theoretical system of historical materialism, from the breeding of its ideological and historical premises, through the theoretical preparation of intermediate links, to its final systematic construction. By deeply analyzing the intellectual journey of Marx and Engels—starting from Hegel’s speculative dialectics, passing through the mediation of Feuerbach’s humanistic materialism, and ultimately achieving a fundamental revolution in the conception of history on the basis of material production practice—this paper reveals that historical materialism is not an a priori theoretical construct, but a rigorous socio-historical analytical framework gradually generated in the process of critically inheriting the heritage of German classical philosophy and responding to the realistic problems of the capitalist era. In the contemporary context where digital capitalism and consumer society are intertwined, revisiting the generative logic of historical materialism possesses irreplaceable epochal value for gaining insight into the new forms of contemporary capital logic, reflecting on the obscuration of human existence by technological rationality, and exploring paths to transcend the dilemma of modernity.