“双减”背景下利用“5 + 2”模式开展中小学健美操课后服务的策略研究

A Study on Strategies for Implementing Aerobic Gymnastics After-School Services in Primary and Secondary Schools under the “Double Reduction” Policy through the “5 + 2” Model

摘要: “双减”政策及“5 + 2”课后服务模式为中小学体育活动的开展提供了制度保障。健美操作为场地灵活、安全性高、育人价值丰富的运动项目，与课后服务需求高度适配。研究采用政策分析与实践归纳相结合的方法，系统探讨了中小学健美操课后服务的实施路径。在政策梳理与适配度分析的基础上，提出了五条实践路径：时间路径(激活课后服务、大课间、走班制等课时资源)、课程路径(构建“三段式”分层体系并融入项目式学习)、师资路径(多元协同供给)、资源路径(整合场地、经费与数字化手段)以及评价路径(过程性与多元主体评价)。进一步分析了经费保障、师资培训、安全风险、城乡差异及教学创新等现实困境，并提出了针对性的化解策略。研究引入项目式学习理论，为健美操教学从“教师示范”转向“学生探究”提供了理论支撑。结论认为：政策红利、项目适配、路径创新与困境化解共同构成了健美操课后服务的完整实施体系，可为中小学有效开展该课程提供理论参考与实践指导。

Abstract: The “Double Reduction” policy and the “5 + 2” after-school service model provide institutional support for physical education activities in primary and secondary schools. As a sport that requires flexible venues, offers high safety, and carries rich educational value, aerobic gymnastics is highly suitable for after-school service needs. This study employs a combination of policy analysis and practical induction to systematically explore implementation pathways for aerobic gymnastics after-school services. Based on policy review and compatibility analysis, five practical pathways are proposed: time pathway (activating after-school hours, extended breaks, and rotating class systems), curriculum pathway (establishing a three-stage tiered system integrated with project-based learning), faculty pathway (diverse collaborative staffing), resource pathway (integrating venues, funding, and digital tools), and evaluation pathway (process-oriented and multi-stakeholder assessment). The study further analyzes practical challenges such as funding guarantees, teacher training, safety risks, urban-rural disparities, and teaching innovation, and proposes targeted solutions. By incorporating project-based learning theory, this research provides theoretical support for shifting aerobic gymnastics instruction from teacher-led demonstration to student-centered inquiry. The conclusion suggests that policy benefits, program suitability, innovative pathways, and effective resolution of challenges collectively form a comprehensive implementation framework for aerobic gymnastics after-school services, offering valuable theoretical references and practical guidance for its effective delivery in primary and secondary schools.