体育锻炼对青少年近视防控的时代价值、现实困境与推进路径研究

A Study on the Contemporary Value, Current Challenges, and Pathways of Physical Exercise in the Prevention and Control of Myopia in Adolescents

摘要: 青少年近视不仅是视力健康问题，也是关系学生体质健康、教育生态优化和健康中国建设的重要公共卫生议题。随着学习方式数字化、生活空间室内化和身体活动不足等问题交织叠加，青少年近视防控面临由单一医学矫治向综合健康治理转型的现实要求。体育锻炼尤其是日间户外体育活动，兼具自然光暴露、身体活动促进、学习节律调节和生活方式重塑等多重功能，是青少年近视防控中安全、经济、可持续的重要干预方式。研究认为，体育锻炼促进青少年近视防控具有回应健康中国战略、推动学校体育育人功能回归、改善青少年生活方式、促进家庭–学校–社会协同治理等时代价值。然而，当前实践中仍存在认识偏差、学校体育落实不足、户外活动时间被挤压、家庭支持能力不均衡、部门协同机制不完善和评价体系不健全等困境。未来应从理念重塑、课程嵌入、场景拓展、家校社协同、精准干预和评价保障等方面推进体育锻炼与近视防控深度融合，构建以“日间户外活动充分化、体育锻炼常态化、视觉健康管理系统化”为核心的青少年近视防控新格局。

Abstract: Adolescent myopia is not only a vision health issue but also an important public health issue related to students’ physical health, optimization of the educational ecosystem, and the construction of a healthy China. With the intertwining of problems such as digital learning methods, indoor living spaces, and insufficient physical activity, the prevention and control of myopia in adolescents faces the practical requirement of transforming from single medical correction to comprehensive health governance. Physical exercise, especially daytime outdoor physical activity, has multiple functions, including exposure to natural light, promotion of physical activity, regulation of learning rhythms, and reshaping of lifestyles. It is a safe, economical, and sustainable important intervention method in the prevention and control of myopia in adolescents. This study argues that physical exercise in promoting the prevention and control of myopia in adolescents has contemporary value in responding to the Healthy China strategy, promoting the return of the educational function of school sports, improving adolescents’ lifestyles, and promoting collaborative governance among families, schools, and society. However, current practice still faces challenges such as cognitive biases, insufficient implementation of school sports, squeezed outdoor activity time, uneven family support capacity, imperfect inter-departmental coordination mechanisms, and an incomplete evaluation system. In the future, we should promote the deep integration of physical exercise and myopia prevention and control from aspects such as reshaping concepts, embedding in curriculum, expanding scenarios, coordinating home, school, and community, precise intervention, and evaluation and guarantee, and build a new pattern of myopia prevention and control for adolescents with “full daytime outdoor activities, normalized physical exercise, and systematic management of visual health” as its core.