农村闲置空间适老化改造的困境与破解路径

Difficulties and Solutions for the Age-Friendly Renovation of Rural Idle Spaces

摘要: 农村老龄化加速与养老设施短缺的矛盾日益突出，大量闲置空间为低成本补充养老服务设施提供了可能。本研究基于协同治理理论与可持续生计框架，分析了农村闲置空间适老化改造的现状、困境与破解路径。研究发现，闲置校舍、空置农宅、废弃厂房、老旧村委会四类空间具备改造潜力，各地已形成若干典型实践模式，改造具有显著的社会、经济和文化价值。然而，改造面临政策、资金、空间、主体参与等多重困境。破解路径需要从完善政策制度、创新资金机制、因地制宜改造、激活主体参与四个维度协同推进，构建政府主导、村集体主责、村民主体、社会协同的多元共治格局。

Abstract: The contradiction between accelerating rural aging and the shortage of elderly care facilities is becoming increasingly prominent, while a large number of idle spaces provide the possibility of supplementing elderly care service facilities at low cost. Based on the collaborative governance theory and the sustainable livelihoods framework, this study analyzes the current situation, dilemmas, and solutions for the age-friendly renovation of rural idle spaces. The research finds that four types of spaces, namely idle school buildings, vacant rural houses, abandoned factory buildings, and old village committee offices, have renovation potential. Various regions have developed several typical practical models, and the renovation brings significant social, economic, and cultural value. However, the renovation faces dilemmas in policy, funding, space, and subject participation. These dilemmas can be essentially attributed to three deep-seated issues: the breakdown of collaboration among governance actors, the imbalance of the elderly’s livelihood capital, and the mismatch between space and institutions. The solutions require coordinated efforts from four dimensions: improving policies and institutions, innovating funding mechanisms, adapting renovation to local conditions, and activating subject participation, thereby building a multi-stakeholder governance pattern led by the government, primarily responsible by village collectives, centered on villagers, and coordinated with society.