侗药小红油促进创面愈合的研究进展

Research Progress on Dong Medicine Xiaohong Oil in Promoting Wound Healing

摘要: 侗药小红油是贵州侗族地区传承百年的民族医药外用制剂，以野生山茶油为载体、紫草等药材浸泡提取而成，在烧烫伤、糖尿病足、术后伤口等各类创面治疗中显示了良好的临床疗效。本文系统综述了侗药小红油的组方特点与制备工艺、药理作用及机制、安全性评价及临床应用等方面的研究进展。现有研究表明，小红油通过抗炎、镇痛、抑菌、促进肉芽组织生长和再上皮化等多重途径发挥促创面愈合作用，其机制涉及调控炎症因子(IL-6、TNF-α)、多成分多靶点协同作用等。安全性评价证实其经皮给药无急性毒性。然而，目前研究多集中于“吴氏侗药烧伤油”这一代表性制剂，针对“小红油”的系统性药效物质基础研究仍较薄弱，临床研究以个案报道为主，缺乏大样本随机对照试验。未来应加强小红油活性成分的分离鉴定、量效关系及多中心临床验证研究，为其现代化开发与推广应用提供科学依据。

Abstract: Dong medicine Xiaohong Oil is a topical ethnomedicinal preparation passed down for centuries in the Dong ethnic region of Guizhou Province. It is made from wild camellia oil as a carrier and infused with medicinal herbs such as Zicao (Lithospermum erythrorhizon). It has demonstrated favorable clinical efficacy in treating various types of wounds, including burns and scalds, diabetic foot ulcers, and postoperative wounds. This article systematically reviews the formulation characteristics, preparation technology, pharmacological effects and mechanisms, safety evaluation, and clinical applications of Dong medicine Xiaohong Oil in wound healing. Current studies indicate that Xiaohong Oil promotes wound healing through multiple pathways, including anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antibacterial effects, as well as promotion of granulation tissue growth and re-epithelialization. Its mechanisms involve the regulation of inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, TNF-α) and synergistic actions through multiple components and multiple targets. Safety evaluations have confirmed that its topical application exhibits no acute toxicity. However, current research largely focuses on the representative formulation “Wu’s Dong Medicine Burn Oil,” while systematic studies on the pharmacodynamic material basis of Xiaohong Oil remain insufficient. Clinical studies are predominantly case reports, lacking large-sample randomized controlled trials. Future research should strengthen the isolation and identification of active ingredients, dose-effect relationship studies, and multicenter clinical validation, so as to provide a scientific basis for its modernization, development, and broader application.