从跨文化合作原则视角分析幽默语言的实现——以情景喜剧《爱情公寓2》字幕为例

An Analysis of the Realization of Humorous Language from the Perspective of the Cross-Cultural Cooperative Principle—A Case Study of the Subtitles of the Sitcom iPartment 2

摘要: 情景喜剧是以对话为基本元素的喜剧形式，它靠人物间的语言交流来达到幽默的效果。本文把格莱斯的合作原则当作理论框架，并以利奇的礼貌原则作为补充视角，就情景喜剧《爱情公寓2》的字幕对白展开语用分析，探究幽默语言的产生机理。从研究结果可知，在剧中人物主要用违反合作原则的四条标准量准则、质准则、关系准则、方式准则来制造幽默的效果，“故意违反”和“表面违反而实际遵守”这两种方式使用得比较多。同时，许多幽默片段恰恰发生在说话人表面违反礼貌原则(如直接冒犯、不给面子)却因语境或人际关系而实际被解读为友好调侃的边界上，这种“礼貌的伪装性违反”是情景喜剧特有的笑点来源。幽默不仅是因为准则的违背而产生的，也是因为在听话人推敲会话含义的过程中和语境因素的作用下产生的。有利于对情景喜剧的幽默语言产生机理有更深入的认识，并且可以给语用学理论在影视作品分析中应用提供一定的参考。

Abstract: Sitcoms are dialogue-driven comic genres that produce humor primarily through interpersonal verbal exchanges. Taking Grice’s Cooperative Principle as the core theoretical framework and Leech’s Politeness Principle as a complementary analytical lens, this paper pragmatically examines the subtitle dialogues in the sitcom iPartment 2 to explore the generative mechanism of verbal humor. The results indicate that the sitcom’s humor is largely created by violating the four maxims of the Cooperative Principle, namely quantity, quality, relation, and manner. In particular, two pragmatic strategies are frequently adopted: deliberate maxim violation and superficial violation with actual maxim observance. Additionally, many humorous scenes stem from a distinctive pragmatic borderline state: speakers seemingly breach the Politeness Principle through face-threatening and blunt expressions, while contextual and interpersonal factors contextualize such utterances as amiable banter. Such disguised politeness violations serve as a unique source of sitcom comic effects. Overall, verbal humor in sitcoms originates not only from maxim violations but also from audiences’ pragmatic inference of conversational implicature within specific contextual settings. This study refines the understanding of sitcom humor generation and offers practical implications for applying pragmatic theories to audiovisual discourse analysis.