数智时代来华留学生汉字电写能力调研报告

An Investigation into the Chinese E-Writing Competence of International Students in China in the Digital Intelligence Era

摘要: 数智时代背景下，来华留学生的汉字书写方式发生了显著变化，电写与电打已成为主流书写方式，与之相关的书写偏误问题日趋突出。本文以湖北地区部分高校非汉字文化圈留学生为研究对象，采用书写对比实验、语料分析、问卷调查及深度访谈等方法，考察了手写、电写、电打三种书写方式的偏误特征及其成因。研究发现：手写偏误主要集中在笔画、笔顺和结构层面；电写偏误兼具字形与语音双重特征；电打偏误则以同音替代、形近误用和智能联想错误为主。偏误率与学习者HSK等级呈负相关。本研究旨在为国际中文教育数字化背景下的汉字教学改革提供实证依据。

Abstract: In the context of the digital intelligence era, the ways in which international students in China write Chinese characters have undergone significant changes, with e-writing and typing becoming the predominant modes of written communication, accompanied by increasingly prominent writing errors. This study focuses on non-Sinosphere international students at universities in Hubei Province, employing writing contrast experiments, corpus analysis, questionnaire surveys, and in-depth interviews to examine the error patterns and underlying causes across handwriting, e-writing, and typing. The findings indicate that handwriting errors predominantly occur at the levels of strokes, stroke order, and structure; e-writing errors exhibit both orthographic and phonological features; and typing errors are mainly characterized by homophone substitution, graphemic confusion, and intelligent association mistakes. Error rates are negatively correlated with learners’ HSK levels. This study aims to provide empirical evidence for the reform of Chinese character instruction in the context of the digital transformation of international Chinese language education.