丽江纳西语大研镇话单字调格局研究

A Study on the Monosyllabic Tone Pattern of the Dayan Variety of Lijiang Naxi

摘要: 作为汉藏语系藏缅语族彝语支的语言之一，纳西语具有典型的声调特征。丽江纳西语大研镇话一般被视为纳西语西部方言的标准点。本文选取8名大研镇话母语者，运用实验语音学方法考察其单字调格局，并借助T值法对基频数据进行归一化处理。结果表明，大研镇话单字调可归纳为高平调55、中平调33、中降调31和低升调13四类。与相关研究相比，本研究结果更接近早期对青龙乡的描写，与后续针对大研镇话的记录则不尽一致，差异主要集中在第三声和第四声调值的归纳上。另有个别老年发音人表现出中降调21和低升调12的变体，提示该方言点可能存在一定的年龄差异或个体差异。本文在一定程度上补充了纳西语西部方言声调的实验语音材料，并为相关问题的进一步讨论提供了参考。

Abstract: Naxi, a member of the Yi branch of the Tibeto-Burman group within the Sino-Tibetan language family, is a typical tonal language. The Dayan variety spoken in Lijiang is generally regarded as a representative variety of Western Naxi. The present study examines the monosyllabic tonal pattern of the Dayan variety based on recordings from eight native speakers. An experimental phonetic approach was adopted, and the T-value method was employed to normalize the fundamental frequency (F0) data. The results show that the monosyllabic tonal pattern of the Dayan variety can be summarized into four tonal categories: high-level (55), mid-level (33), mid-falling (31), and low-rising (13). Compared with previous studies on Naxi, the present findings are closer to earlier descriptions of the Qinglong Township variety, while differing from later descriptions of the Dayan variety. The main discrepancy concerns the tonal values assigned to the third and fourth tones. A small number of elderly speakers exhibited variant realizations, including a mid-falling tone of 21 and a low-rising tone of 12, suggesting possible age-related or individual variation. Overall, this study supplements the existing experimental phonetic evidence on the tonal system of Western Naxi and provides a reference for further research on tonal description and variation.