执行意向对行为干预的研究概述

Overview of Research on Implementation Intentions for Behavioral Intervention

摘要: 执行意向是一种以“如果–那么”形式将特定情景线索与目标行动相联结的心理策略，旨在形成自动化的心理联结，从而有效启动目标行为。文章系统梳理了执行意向在多个行为干预领域中的应用研究，包括吸烟与饮酒控制、体重管理与饮食调控、运动耐力提升、疫苗接种率促进、环保行为促进以及投票参与动员等方面，旨在全面展示执行意向作为行为改变技术的潜力与实证基础。结果表明，执行意向在多种行为情境下均表现出显著的干预效果，但其效力受个体差异、情景复杂度及执行意向类型等因素影响。未来研究应进一步拓展执行意向在不同人群与认知任务中的应用，并深入探讨其内在作用机制。

Abstract: Implementation intention is a psychological strategy that links specific situational cues with goal-directed actions in an “if-then” format, aiming to form automatic mental associations and effectively initiate goal-directed behaviors. This paper systematically reviews the application of implementation intentions across multiple behavioral intervention domains, including smoking and alcohol cessation, weight management and dietary regulation, exercise endurance enhancement, vaccination rate promotion, pro-environmental behavior advocacy, and voter turnout mobilization. The aim is to comprehensively demonstrate the potential and empirical evidence of implementation intentions as a behavior change technique. Results indicate that implementation intentions exhibit significant intervention effects across various behavioral contexts; however, their effectiveness is moderated by individual differences, situational complexity, and types of implementation intentions. Future research should further expand the application of implementation intentions among diverse populations and cognitive tasks, and explore their underlying mechanisms.