王夫之人性论的历史脉络

The Historical Context of Wang Fuzhi’sTheory of Human Nature

摘要: 王夫之以“理在气中”的气一元论为哲学根基，颠覆了程朱理学“天命之性–气质之性”的二元框架，消解了其禁欲主义人欲观的理论基础；提出“日生日成”的动态人性观，强调人性是在气化流行与生命实践中持续生成的过程，具有“未成可成，已成可革”的可塑性；并以“习与性成”理论为核心，构建起“主动有为”的工夫论，将人性的塑造与历史实践、制度环境紧密相连。其重实践、重动态生成的思想特质，对后世理解人性本质与道德修养路径具有重要的启示意义。

Abstract: Wang Fuzhi, based on the qi monism of “reason in qi” as the philosophical foundation, subverted the dual framework of “the nature of destiny-the nature of temperament” in Cheng-Zhu’s Confucianism, and dispelled the theoretical foundation of his ascetic view of human desire. The dynamic view of human nature is put forward, emphasizing that human nature is a continuous process of generation in the popularization of gasification and life practice, and has the plasticity of “can be achieved before it is achieved, and can be reformed after it is achieved”. And based on the theory of “habits and nature” as the core, it constructs the theory of “active and active” and closely links the shaping of human nature with historical practice and institutional environment. Its thought characteristics of emphasis on practice and dynamic generation have important implications for the understanding of human nature and the path of moral cultivation in later generations.