人工智能时代人的主体性困境及其应对路径

The Dilemma of Human Subjectivity in the Era of Artificial Intelligence and Its Countermeasures

摘要: 人工智能的迭代升级正深刻重塑人类的生产生活方式、思维模式与社会关系，它在解放人类体力与脑力、提升社会生产效率的同时，也对“人作为主体”的核心地位产生了前所未有的冲击，引发了人的主体性困境。这一困境突出表现在人的认知能力退化、实践能力减弱以及情感能力钝化，其深层缘由在于技术资本逻辑驱动下的异化、数据时代的认知重构以及人类自身在技术浪潮中的价值迷失，但人工智能也蕴含着增强主体性的潜能，从个体自觉、技术伦理与社会教育三个层面探讨主体性复归的可行路径，以期呼唤在拥抱技术红利的同时坚守人的主体地位，实现人与人工智能的良性共生。

Abstract: The iterative upgrading of artificial intelligence is profoundly reshaping humanity’s modes of production and daily life, thinking patterns and social relations. While liberating human physical and mental labor and boosting social productivity, artificial intelligence exerts an unprecedented impact on the core standing of humans as subjects, giving rise to the dilemma of human subjectivity. Such a dilemma is prominently manifested in the degradation of human cognitive capacity, the decline of practical ability and the numbness of emotional competence. Its underlying causes lie in alienation driven by the logic of technological capital, cognitive reconstruction in the data age, and the loss of human values amid the technological wave. Nevertheless, artificial intelligence also contains the potential to strengthen human subjectivity. This paper explores feasible approaches to the return of human subjectivity from three dimensions: individual self-awareness, technological ethics and social education. It aims to call for adherence to the human subject status while embracing the dividends of technology, so as to realize sound symbiosis between humans and artificial intelligence.