中国戏曲英译的社会学转向——“群体–网络–文类”三维框架构建

The Sociological Turn in Chinese Xiqu Translation Studies—Constructing a “Group-Network-Genre” Framework

摘要: 英语世界中国戏曲外译研究长期以译本比较、翻译策略和个案译者研究为主，对译者群体的社会构成、机构关系与译介网络关注不足。本文旨在建构适用于中国戏曲英译研究的理论框架。本文采用理论综合与概念重构的方法，整合戏剧翻译研究、描述翻译学、多元系统理论、布迪厄场域理论、行动者网络理论和副文本理论，重新界定“译者群体”“译介网络”和“文类机制”三个概念。研究提出“译者群体–译介网络–文类机制”三维框架，认为中国戏曲英译是译者、剧目、底本、出版机构、剧场、学术场域、媒介平台和接受主体共同参与的跨文化生产过程。该框架有助于推动中国戏曲英译研究从文本批评走向翻译社会史，并为后续译者群体普查、历史分期、核心译者个案和网络可视化研究提供理论接口。

Abstract: Research on Chinese xiqu translation in the English-speaking world has long focused on textual comparison, translation strategies, and individual translators, while paying insufficient attention to translator groups, institutional relations, knowledge production, and mediation networks. This paper aims to construct a theoretical framework for Chinese xiqu translation studies. Adopting theoretical synthesis and conceptual reconstruction, the paper integrates theatre translation studies, Descriptive Translation Studies, polysystem theory, Bourdieu’s field theory, actor-network theory, and paratextual theory, and redefines three key concepts: translator group, translation-mediation network, and genre mechanism. The paper proposes a three-dimensional framework of translator group, translation-mediation network, and genre mechanism. It argues that Chinese xiqu translation is not a linguistic transfer carried out by a single translator on a single text, but a process of cross-cultural production involving translators, plays, source editions, publishers, theatres, academic fields, media platforms, and receiving subjects. This framework helps shift Chinese xiqu translation studies from text-centred criticism toward a social history of translation, and offers theoretical interfaces for future studies of translator groups, historical periodisation, key translator cases, and network visualisation.