成立肿瘤专科化疗小组对化疗患者生活质量、并发症及依从性的影响研究

Impact of Establishing a Specialized Oncology Chemotherapy Team on Quality of Life, Complications, and Treatment Adherence in Chemotherapy Patients

摘要: 目的：本研究探讨成立肿瘤专科化疗小组(以下简称“专科小组”)对化疗患者并发症、生活质量及依从性的影响。方法：选取我院肿瘤科2023年1月至12月收治的120例化疗患者，随机分组，将实施常规护理的患者设为对照组(n = 60)，将成立专科化疗小组后实施综合干预的患者设为观察组(n = 60)。观察组干预措施包括：组建专科小组、制定标准化操作流程、开展系统化培训(理论授课 + 模拟演练 + 临床跟岗 + 逆向复盘)、实施血管通路五步闭环管理。比较两组患者化疗前后生活质量评分、相关并发症的发生率及化疗后的依从性及满意度的影响。结果：观察组化疗后生活质量评分明显高于对照组(P < 0.05)；化疗后并发症静脉炎、恶心呕吐的发生率均显著低于对照组(P < 0.05)；观察组化疗后的依从性、满意度评分均显著高于对照组(P < 0.05)。结论：成立肿瘤专科化疗小组并配套系统化培训、血管通路闭环管理能显著降低化疗并发症的发生率及严重程度，提升患者生活质量、依从性及满意度，该模式值得临床推广。

Abstract: Objective: This study investigates the effect of establishing a specialized oncology chemotherapy team (hereinafter referred to as the “specialized team”) on complications, quality of life, and treatment adherence in chemotherapy patients. Methods: A total of 120 chemotherapy patients admitted to the Department of Oncology of our hospital from January to December 2023 were enrolled and randomly divided into two groups. Patients receiving routine nursing care were assigned to the control group (n = 60), while those receiving comprehensive intervention after the establishment of the specialized chemotherapy team were assigned to the observation group (n = 60). Interventions in the observation group included: forming the specialized team, developing standardized operating procedures, implementing systematic training (theoretical lectures + simulation drills + clinical shadowing + reverse debriefing), and applying a five-step closed-loop management protocol for vascular access. The two groups were compared in terms of quality-of-life scores before and after chemotherapy, incidence of related complications, and post-chemotherapy treatment adherence and satisfaction. Results: The post-chemotherapy quality-of-life scores in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P < 0.05). The incidences of phlebitis and nausea/vomiting after chemotherapy were significantly lower in the observation group than in the control group (P < 0.05). Post-chemotherapy adherence and satisfaction scores were also significantly higher in the observation group compared with the control group (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Establishing a specialized oncology chemotherapy team, along with systematic training and closed-loop vascular access management, can significantly reduce the incidence and severity of chemotherapy-related complications, improve patients’ quality of life, adherence, and satisfaction. This model is worthy of clinical promotion.